Читать книгу Kelly Vana's Nursing Leadership and Management - Группа авторов - Страница 25

Leadership is commonly defined as a process of influence in which the leader influences others toward goal achievement (Yukl, 2006). Nurses function as leaders when they lead themselves and influence others toward goal achievement. Influence is an instrumental part of leading others and leaders influence others, often by inspiring, enlivening, and engaging others to participate. Leadership can occur personally. It can occur between the leader and another individual; between the leader and a group; or between a leader and an organization, a community, or a society. Defining leadership as a process helps us understand more about leadership than the traditional view of a leader being in a position of authority, exerting command, control, and power over subordinates. There are many more leaders in organizations than those who are in positions of authority. Each person has the potential to set goals and enact leadership. What this means for nurses as professionals is that nurses set goals and are leaders.

Leadership can be formal leadership, as when a person is in a position of authority or in a sanctioned, assigned role within an organization that connotes influence, such as a nurse manager (Northouse, 2018). The traditional formal leadership roles in nursing include clinical supervisor, unit/department manager, director of nursing and the top‐level nurse executive, usually called the chief nurse executive or chief nursing officer. Other formal leader roles in nursing include the charge nurse of a patient care unit, the Chief Operating Officer, of a hospital the nurse who leads interprofessional team rounds and the nurse who represents her unit/department at an event or meeting.

An informal leader is a person who demonstrates leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership role or as a member of a group rather than as the head or leader of the group. The informal leader is considered to have emerged as a leader when she is accepted by others, is an opinion leader, and is perceived to have influence. Informal leader roles in nursing include examples such as the staff nurse who regularly sets personal, proffessional, and patient care goals, assuring the delivery of safe, evidence‐based, patient‐centered, high quality care, including responding quickly to a code.