Читать книгу Kelly Vana's Nursing Leadership and Management - Группа авторов - Страница 38

In this leadership approach, the leader works to motivate followers and influence goal accomplishment. The seminal author on path‐goal theory is Robert House (1971). By using the appropriate style of leadership for the situation (i.e., directive, supportive, participative, or achievement oriented), the leader makes the path toward the goal easier for the follower. The directive style of leadership provides structure through direction and authority, with the leader focusing on the task and getting the job done. The supportive style of leadership is relationship oriented, with the leader providing encouragement, interest, and attention. Participative leadership means that the leader focuses on involving followers in the decision‐making process. The achievement‐oriented style provides high structure and direction as well as high support through consideration behavior. The leadership style is matched to the situational characteristics of the followers, such as the desire for authority, the extent to which the control of goal achievement is internal or external, and the ability of the follower to be involved. The leadership style is also matched to the situational factors in the environment, including the routine nature or complexity of the task, the power associated with the leader's position, and the work group relationship. This alignment of leadership style with the needs of followers is motivating and believed to enhance performance and satisfaction. The path‐goal theory is based on expectancy theory, which holds that people are motivated when they, (a) believe they are able to carry out the work, (b) think their contribution will lead to the expected outcome, and (c) believe that the rewards for their efforts are valued and meaningful (Northouse, 2018).