Читать книгу Biosurfactants for a Sustainable Future - Группа авторов - Страница 83

Currently, only very few biosurfactants have been used in metal ion remediation processes on a commercial scale due to lack of cost‐effective production processes. Due to the high costs of producing biosurfactants, their industrial application has been hindered.

Biosurfactant production on a large scale seemed to be very effective, but there is an urgent need to overcome competitiveness with their synthetic counterparts. Scientists made few attempts to develop large‐scale biosurfactants. The Bacillus subtilis FE‐2 strain has been used by Veenanadig et al. [50] to produce biosurfactants in a packed column bioreactor with a volumetric capacity of 30 l. In another study conducted by Daniels et al. [63] for large‐scale production of rhamnose and 3‐hydroxydecanoic acid from Pseudomonas sp., they claimed, in their patent, to produce in a defined culture medium that contained corn oil as a carbon source a high level of rhamnolipids at a concentration from about 30 g/l to about 50 g/l.