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Differential Diagnosis

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The clinical and endoscopic differential diagnosis includes EOE, although by definition eosinophils are rare or absent. If neutrophils are present, special stains for candida may be warranted. Intraepithelial lymphocytes may be prominent in lichen planus esophagitis/lichenoid esophagitis, although the additional presence of a band‐like lymphocytic infiltrate in the lamina propria and necrotic keratinocytes is a distinguishing feature. Characteristic direct immunofluorescence findings of lichen planus DIF may or may not be demonstrated. Lymphocytosis may also be associated with esophageal involvement by Crohn’s disease in children, although other histologic and clinical features of Crohn’s disease are typically present, particularly elsewhere in the gut.

Gastrointestinal Pathology

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