Читать книгу Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia - Группа авторов - Страница 128

 It is common to see fluid waves in the distal jugular vein (at the thoracic inlet) in the normal horse.

 These waveforms are due to the presence of blood within the distal jugular vein, as the vein serves as a reservoir when the heart chambers are full and during systole.

 The waveforms are generated in the blood column by the continuous flow of blood from the periphery to the jugular veins, carotid artery pulsation, and atrial & ventricular contractions.

 These typically extend one‐third of the way up the neck when the horse is at rest and has its head and neck elevated.

 The waveforms may extend one‐half of the way up the neck if the head and neck are held in a lower position or may go the length of the entire jugular vein if the head and neck are lowered such as when eating off the ground.