Читать книгу Climate Impacts on Sustainable Natural Resource Management - Группа авторов - Страница 15

Initially, carbon was stored in the forests (Houghton 2012), but once the forests were logged and cleared, carbon (i.e. both above and below ground) was released into the atmosphere (Baccini et al. 2012) mostly in the for of carbon dioxide (CO₂). However, the decomposition or burning of the forest may also release small amounts of methane (CH₄) and carbon monoxide (CO) (Achard et al. 2014; Rosa et al. 2016; Bebber and Butt 2017; Brinck et al. 2017; Pearson et al. 2017). Thus deforestation received high attention from the scientific community (Rosa et al. 2016; Sierra et al. 2012; Zarin 2012) on carbon emissions (Numata et al. 2011; Houghton 2012; Le Quéré et al. 2015), especially in the tropics, where deforestation is responsible for 17%–25% of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions into the atmosphere (Le Quéré et al. 2015). So tropical deforestation is one of the leading causes of global carbon emissions and biodiversity loss (Brun et al. 2015). Therefore, understanding its drivers is crucial for improving policies and measuring current forest trends toward a more climate‐ and biodiversity‐friendly outcome (Hosonuma et al. 2012). Also, the Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) provides a complete measurement of above‐ground carbon stocks for tropical forests (FAO 2006, 2010, 2015).