Читать книгу Climate Impacts on Sustainable Natural Resource Management - Группа авторов - Страница 16

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) now constitutes the international convention for mitigating climate change, particularly in forest‐rich developing countries (Gullison et al. 2007; Arima et al. 2014). The “+” after REDD comes from more recent dialogs that have broadened the mechanism's scope to recognize carbon benefits of forest conservation, sustainable forest management (SFM), and the sequestration potential of afforestation and reforestation (Venter and Koh 2012). The REDD+ mechanism is the most prominent of recent attempts to mitigate climate change (Agrawal et al. 2011). Furthermore, leakage policies of REDD+ should be monitored, measured, and mitigated to guarantee their effectiveness (Atmadja and Verchot 2012).

Reducing emissions from deforestation by 2020 could bring the international community nearer to the goal of less than 2 degree increase in global average temperature change (Zarin et al. 2016). Furthermore, more than 180 governments, private companies, indigenous peoples, and non‐governmental organizations have signed the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF) in September 2014 (UN Climate Summit 2014). Within the REDD+ policy framework, developing countries might develop national systems for carbon accounting (Angelsen 2009; Logan‐Hines et al. 2012).

Developing countries are encouraged to develop national strategies and action plans for REDD+ by identifying the drivers of deforestation (Hosonuma et al. 2012). In the past three decades, satellite‐based observations of forest cover change provide an alternative to estimate deforestation rates regularly across space and time (Zhuravleva et al. 2013; Kuenzer et al. 2014; Kamaruddin et al. 2015). At continental to global scales, forest cover maps and change in cover are increasingly being generated from various satellite data sources (Potapov et al. 2012; Kim et al. 2014; Margono et al. 2014). In the latest development, Landsat images have been used to determine tropical deforestation rates (Broich et al. 2011; FAO 2011; Lehmann et al. 2014; Estavillo et al. 2013; Zhuravleva et al. 2013; Potapov et al. 2012). Also, previous studies of forest cover change datasets have been integrated with satellite‐based forest biomass information to quantify changes in forest carbon stocks (Baccini et al. 2012; Achard et al. 2014; Tyukavina et al. 2015). However, they might show diverse results due to their different methods for mapping and analyzing.