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4.4.4.8 Alginic Acids

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Alginic acids are obtained from brown seaweed, i.e. Pheaeophyta genus. Alginic acid is made up of linear polymers of α‐l‐guluronic acid and β‐d‐mannuronic acid units connected by 1 → 4 glycosidic bonds. Alginates can rapidly form hydrogels in the existence of divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+etc) at room temperature. Moreover, Na+‐alginate and Ca2+_alginate are used in microencapsulation and immobilization of various compounds, enzymes, cells, etc. owing due to its gelling, biocompatibility, and biodegradability properties [135]. The chelating and gelling properties of alginates have widely attracted its use in cosmetic products as thickeners, emulsion stabilizers, hand jellies, ointment bases, skin lightening face packs, wound dressing for skin recovery, etc. The alginate masks are known to restore type I and type III collagen synthesis in the skin, and also helps in moisturizing by enhancing the water holding capacity of the skin. Furthermore, alginate is known to provide vital minerals and microelements to deeper dermal layers in the skin [136]. Several commercially available formulation is exploiting the benefit of alginate in the treatment of ulcers, wounds, and skin burns anti‐cellulite programs, face sculpturing, and skin regeneration therapy [136–138] (Figure 4.3).

Bioprospecting of Microorganism-Based Industrial Molecules

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