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IV administration of medetomidine (0.005 mg/kg) to domestic ruminants produced a short duration of standing sedation with minimal analgesia [54]. However, IM administration of 0.03 mg/kg in domestic calves resulted in lateral recumbency with analgesia lasting for 60–75 minutes [68]. Higher doses of medetomidine (0.04 mg/kg in heifers, 0.08 mg/kg in cows) delivered by tranquilizer gun have been used successfully to produce immobilization for the capture of free‐ranging cattle. In both studies, atipamezole was used effectively to reverse medetomidine's effect [69, 70]. In one study, two cows were in the last month of pregnancy and both calved normally at full term [70]. Caudal epidural injection of medetomidine (0.015 mg/kg) has been reported to induce rapid onset of perineal analgesia, similar to that of lidocaine, but with a significantly longer duration (4–9.5 hours). Moderate sedation and ataxia were observed in these cows. Two cows became recumbent at 20 and 40 minutes following drug administration, but both were easily coaxed to stand. It was believed that the recumbency in these two cows was caused by the nature of the ruminants during deep sedation and was not the result of motor nerve function disruption due to caudal epidural medetomidine [71].