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The prevalence of obesity has nearly doubled since 1980. More than 39 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in 2020; 13% of adults in the world were obese in 2020, whereas 39% were overweight. The prevalence of obesity varies significantly between countries (Figure 2.3.).

This “globesity” phenomenon may have contributed to the rise in the global incidence of major NCDs. Obesity often leads to adverse effects on blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, triacylglycerols (TAGs), and insulin resistance (IR). The risk of CHD, ischemic stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases steadily with increasing body mass index (BMI). Overweight and obesity have also been associated with several types of cancer – namely, breast, colon, prostate, endometrium, kidney, and gall bladder cancer. Furthermore, overall mortality rates seem to be higher among severely obese individuals compared to the general population.

FIGURE 2.3 Age‐standardized prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity by sex and country in 2014. Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m²); obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²); and severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m²).

Source: NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (2016).