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CVDs include ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease, and a number of cardiac and vascular conditions, such as cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, and congenital heart disease. It has been estimated that heart attacks and strokes account for over 85% of CVD death events. The events themselves are generally acute in nature and result from an obstruction of blood flow to the heart or brain due to the chronic accumulation of lipid deposition on the inner walls of the blood vessels. In addition, strokes can also occur as a consequence of a brain blood vessel bleeding or because of the presence of blood clots.

CVDs have emerged as the primary cause of death around the globe. According to the 2019 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics report from the American Heart Association, someone dies of CVD every 38 seconds. Nearly 80% of premature deaths, i.e., death events among people under 70 years old, have been recorded in low‐to‐middle‐income countries, with 37% being attributed to CVDs. Underdeveloped or developing countries suffer high rates of CVD mortality, whereas high‐income industrialized countries and some regions in Latin America show the lowest CVD mortality.