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G

ga 1 n. [Fr. gas] accelerator: daän ga to step on the accelerator 2 n. [Fr. gare] railroad station, bus station: nhaø ga railway station

ga ra n. garage

gaù v. to harbor [gamblers]: gaù baïc to run a gambling den

gaø 1 n. [SV keâ] chicken, fowl CL con: tröùng gaø egg; cuoäc choïi gaø cock fight 2 v. to give advice on, to assist someone

gaø choïi n. fighting cock

gaø con n. chick

gaø gioø n. chicken

gaø maùi n. biddy, hen

gaø môø adj. dim, obscure

gaø noøi n. pure bred cock

gaø soáng n. rooster

gaø taây n. turkey

gaø troáng n. rooster

gaû v. to give [one’s daughter] in marriage

gaõ n. individual, block, chap, young man

gaï v. to court, to woo, to seduce [a young girl]; to coax, to wheedle, to cajole, to persuade

gaï chuyeän v. to try to approach someone

gaï gaãm v. to make approaches to, to persuade someone

gaùc 1 n. upper floor: thang gaùc staircase 2 v. to put, to place, to set on 3 v. [Fr. garde] to keep, to guard: lính gaùc watchman; gaùc cöûa to keep the door

gaùc beáp n. kitchen shelf

gaùc boû v. to set aside: gaùc boû ngoaøi tai to pay no attention to

gaùc buùt v. to put away one’s pen, to stop writing

gaùc chuoâng n. bell-tower, belfry

gaùc thöôïng n. upper story, top floor

gaùc xeùp n. garret, loft, small floor

gaïc 1 n. antlers [of deer] 2 v. to cross out

gaïch 1 n. brick: laùt gaïch to pave [with bricks or tiles] 2 v. to draw [a line]; to cross out: gaïch moät ñöôøng to draw a line

gaïch cua n. red-yellow fat inside the shell of a crab

gaïch döôùi v. to underline: gaïch döôùi nhöõng töø quan troïng to underline the important words

gaïch men n. tile

gaïch noái n. hyphen (-)

gai 1 n. thorn: gai oác goose pimples 2 n. hemp: daây gai hemp string

gai goác adj., n. difficult; obstacle, hurdle

gai maét adj. bad-looking, shocking to the eyes

gaùi n. girl; female [as opp. to male giai/trai]: meâ gaùi to be madly in love with a girl; nhaø gaùi the bride’s family; em gaùi younger sister; con gaùi daughter; younger girl

gaùi ñieám n. prostitute, street walker

gaùi giang hoà n. prostitute, street walker, whore

gaùi goaù n. widow

gaùi nhaûy n. taxi-dancer, dancing girl

gaøi v. to bolt, to button, to pin, to fasten: gaøi cuùc/gaøi khuy/gaøi nuùt to button up

gaõi v. to scratch: gaõi vaøo choã ngöùa to touch the right chord

gam n. [Fr. gramme] gram

gan 1 n. [SV can] liver CL buoàng, laù 2 v. to be courageous, to be brave, to be tough: nhaùt gan timid, shy, cowardly; caû gan audacious, bold 3 n. sole [of foot], palm [of hand]: gan baøn tay palm of the hand

gan goùc adj. fearless, intrepid

gan lì adj. calm and relaxed

gaùn v. to pawn, to attribute, to pledge

gaùn gheùp v. to force to take, to allot arbitrarily

gaøn 1 v. to dissuade; to block, to prevent 2 adj. crazy, cracked, dotty; silly, stupid

gaïn v. to decant, to purify

gaïn hoûi v. to press with questions, to interrogate thoroughly

gang 1 n. span [measure]: gang taác short period 2 n. cast iron: gang theùp iron

ganh v. to compete: ganh nhau laøm vieäc to compete in work

ganh ñua v. to vie, to compete

ganh tò v. to envy, to be jealous of

gaùnh v., n. to carry with a pole and tow containers; to shoulder, to take charge; pole load: gaùnh vaùc to shoulder a responsibility

gaùnh haùt n. troupe, theatrical company

gaùnh naëng n. burden, load

gaùo n. dipper: gaùo döøa dipper made of coconut shell

gaøo v. to scream, to roar, to howl, to cry, to shout: keâu gaøo hoøa bình to clamor for peace

gaïo 1 n. raw rice [cf.

côm, luùa, thoùc]: giaõ gaïo to pound rice; vo gaïo to wash rice; kieám gaïo to earn one’s living 2 n. kapok, bombax 3 v. to grind; to learn by heart: gaïo baøi ñeå ñi thi to learn by heart for examinations

gaïo teû n. ordinary, non-glutinous rice

gaït 1 v. to level off, to scrape off; to reject, to brush aside; to ward off [blow] 2 v. to trick, to cheat, to deceive: löôøng gaït to deceive 3 v. to elbow, to push aside: gaït ñaùm ñoâng ñeå ñi to elbow one’s way through a crowd

gaït boû v. to refuse, to eliminate

gaït leä v. to brush away one’s tears

gaït nôï v. to give something as payment of one’s debt

gaït nöôùc maét v. See gaït leä

gaøu n. scoop, bailer, pail for drawing water

gaøu dai n. bucket with long ropes, operated by two people

gaøu soøng n. bucket with a long handle, hung from a tripod and operated by one person

gay adj. very red; tense: tình hình gay laém a tense situation

gay caán adj. knotty, thorny, dangerous

gay gaét adj. bad-tempered, complaining

gay go adj. [of situation] tense, hard, [of fight] fierce

gaùy 1 n. nape; scruff of the neck; back [of book] 2 v. to crow: luùc gaø gaùy at cockcrow

gaûy v. to pluck, to play

gaõy v. to be broken; to break, to snap: beû gaõy to break; gaõy chaân to break one’s leg

gaõy goïn adj. [of speech] concise, neat

gaêm v., n. to pin, to point; pin, prick: gaêm maáy tôø giaáy naày laïi to pin these papers

gaëm v. to gnaw, to nibble

gaén v. to glue, to joint [broken pieces], to install, to fix: gaén boù to be attached to

gaêng 1 adj. tense, tight, taut 2 n. [Fr. gant] glove, CL chieác for one, ñoâi for a pair: ñeo gaêng tay to wear gloves

gaéng v. to make efforts

gaéng coâng v. to do one’s best

gaéng göôïng v., adj. to act unwillingly; against one’s wishes

gaéng söùc v. to work hard, to do one’s best

gaép 1 v. to pick up with chop-sticks 2 n. skewer

gaép thaêm v. to draw lots

gaëp v. to meet, to encounter; to see, to run across

gaëp dòp v. to have a favorable occasion, to be fortunate

gaëp gôõ n., v. unexpected meeting; to meet, to encounter

gaëp maët v. to be reunited, to meet

gaëp nhau v. to meet one another

gaëp phaûi v. to meet with

gaëp thôøi v. to have a good opportunity, to meet with good fortune

gaét adj., v. strong, violent, harsh; to grumble [at], to scold, to chide

gaét gao adj. keen, desperate, intense

gaét goûng adj., v. grouchy; to be in a temper; to lose one’s temper

gaët v. to reap, to harvest: vuï gaët harvest; thôï gaët reaper

gaám n. brocade and satin

gaàm 1 v. to bow one’s head in shame or anger 2 n. space underneath [table, bed]; underpass

gaàm theùt v. to bawl

gaäm v. [of rodents] to gnaw

gaân n. nerve; tendon; sinew; vein [as seen from outside]: laáy gaân to flex one’s muscles

gaân coå v. to harden the neck

gaân guoác adj. sinewy; rugged: maët gaân guoác rugged face

gaàn adj., adv. near, close; about to [precedes main verb]; nearly, almost: hoï gaàn near relation, close relative; gaàn ñoù thereabouts

gaàn guõi adv. side by side, alongside

gaàn xa adv. everywhere, every place, far and wide: gaàn xa ñeàu bieát tieáng to be known everywhere

gaáp 1 v. to fold, to close [a book] 2 adj. urgent; in a hurry: gôûi moät laù thö gaáp to send an urgent letter

gaáp boäi adj. manifold, multiple

gaáp ñoâi/hai adj. double

gaáp ruùt adj. very urgent, pressing

gaäp v. See gaëp

gaäp gheành adj. uneven, broken, rough, bumpy: ñöôøng gaäp gheành rough road

gaät v. to nod: nguû gaät to fall asleep while sitting or standing

gaät gaø gaät guø v. See gaät guø

gaät guø v. to nod repeatedly

gaâu gaâu n. the barking of a dog, bow-wow

gaáu 1 n. bear: aên nhö gaáu to eat gluttonously 2 n. hem, fringe [of dress]: gaáu quaàn cuffs of trousers

gaãu adj. idle, aimless: noùi chuyeän gaãu to chat idly

gaây 1 v. to bring about, to cause, to provoke 2 v. to quarrel

gaây chieán v. to provoke a war

gaây chuyeän v. to cause a quarrel

gaây döïng v. to create, to constitute, to establish, to set up

gaây gaõy v. to feel feverish

gaây goã v. to pick a quarrel

gaây haán v. to incite wars, to provoke hostilities

gaây loaïn v. to incite a rebellion

gaây oaùn v. to create enemies

gaây söï v. to try to pick a quarrel

gaây thuø v. to create enemies

gaày adj. (= oám) skinny, emaciated, gaunt [opp. beùo, maäp]

gaày coøm adj. very thin

gaày goø adj. thin, skinny

gaày moøn v., adj. growing thinner, losing flesh, weakened

gaày nhom adj. skin and bones, gaunt, emaciated

gaåy v. See gaûy

gaãy v. See gaõy

gaäy n. stick, cane

gaäy goäc n. sticks

ghe n. (= thuyeàn) junk, sampan, bark, craft, boat [CL chieác]

ghe chaøi n. junk, fishing junk

gheù v. to stop at; to come close, to call at, to drop in: gheù thaêm baïn to call at a friend’s place

gheù maét v. to have a look at, to glue one’s eyes to

gheù vai v. to share one’s responsibility

gheø v. to break, to crush, to strike, to hit

gheû 1 n. itch, scabies 2 adj. to be cold, indifferent: gheû laïnh indifferent; dì gheû, meï gheû stepmother

gheû laïnh adj. indifferent

gheû lôû n. itch, scabies

gheï n., v. at the expense of; to sponge something: ñi gheï xe to get a ride with somebody

gheùm n. salad, mixed [raw] vegetables

ghen v., adj. jealous; envious

ghen gheùt v. to be jealous, to covet; to hate

ghen tuoâng v. to be jealous in love

gheïo v. to tease; to bother

gheùp v. to assemble, to join, to unite; to graft: gheùp caùc chöõ caùi ñeå thaønh moät töø to join letters to make a word; gheùp hai caây hoàng to graft two roses

gheùt 1 n. dirt, filth [rubbed off body/skin] 2 v. to detest, to hate: yeâu cho voït, gheùt cho chôi to spare the rod and spoil the child

gheùt boû v. to abandon because of hate

gheùt cay gheùt ñaéng v. to hate someone’s guts

gheâ v., adv. to be horrified [so as to tremble], to shiver, to shudder, to have one’s teeth on edge, to be horrible, terrible; terribly

gheâ ghôùm adj. frightful, awful, formidable

gheâ ngöôøi adj. frightful, awful

gheâ raêng v. to set the teeth on edge

gheâ sôï adj. terrific, awful, terrible, horrible

gheâ tôûm adj. sickening, disgusting, nauseous, repulsive

gheá 1 n. chair, seat, bench 2 v. to stir [boiled rice in pot] with chopsticks before lowering the fire and putting the lid on

gheá daøi n. bench, seat

gheá döïa n. chair with a back

gheá ñaåu n. stool, high chair

gheá xích ñu n. rocking chair, swing

gheách v. to lean on, to lean against, to rest on

gheách chaân v. to set, to put one’s feet up on an object

gheành n. fall, waterfall, cataract

ghi 1 v. to record, to note, to write down: ghi teân to register one’s name, to enlist 2 n. [Fr. aiguille] switch on railroad: phu beû ghi pointsman

ghi cheùp v. to note, to make a note of something; to inscribe, to write down

ghi nhaän v. to acknowledge [receipt of something]

ghi nhôù v. to remember: ghi nhôù soá ñieän thoaïi cuûa ai to remember someone’s telephone number

ghi teân v. to put one’s name down, to sign up, to register

ghì v. to hold tight, to tighten: oâm ghì to clasp, to embrace

ghim n., v. pin; to pin

ghim baêng n. safety pin

gì n., pron. (= chi) What?; anything, everything, something: Caùi gì?, Nhöõng gì? What?; khoâng caàn gì? it doesn’t matter

gia 1 n. R house, household, home, family (= nhaø): quoác gia state, nation; nhaïc gia in-laws 2 n. R -ist, -er, -ian, as a suffix: khoa hoïc gia scientist; noâng gia farmer 3 v. R to increase (= theâm): taêng gia to increase

gia aân v. to grant a favor

gia baûo n. family treasure

gia bieán n. family disaster

gia boäc n. servant

gia caûnh n. family situation

gia chaùnh n. home economics, cooking

gia chuû n. head of family

gia cö n. habitation, dwelling, abode

gia dó adv. moreover, besides, furthermore

gia ñinh n. servant, attendant

gia ñình n. family, home: coù gia ñình to have a family [wife and children]

gia giaûm v. to increase and decrease, to make necessary adjustments

gia giaùo n. family education

gia haïn v. to extend [a period], to renew: gia haïn hôïp ñoàng to renew a contract

gia höông n. native village

gia leã n. family rites

Gia Naõ Ñaïi n. Canada

gia nhaân n. servants

gia nhaäp v. to enter, to participate in, to join: gia nhaäp quaân ñoäi to join the army

gia phaû n. family register, family tree, family history

gia phong n. family tradition

gia quyeán n. family, relatives, dependents

gia saûn n. family inheritance

gia taøi n. family inheritance, family property

gia taêng v. to increase

gia thanh n. the family reputation

gia thaát n. family, household: thaønh gia thaát to get married

gia theá n. genealogy, family situation

gia tieân n. ancestors, forefathers

gia toác v. to speed up, to accelerate

gia toäc n. family, tribe, household

gia troïng v. to add weight [as evidence] [opp. giaûm khinh]

gia truyeàn adj. hereditary

gia tröôûng n. head, chief of the family

gia tö n. family property

gia vò n. seasoning, condiment

giaù 1 v., n. to cost; cost, price, value: baùn ñaáu giaù auction; taêng giaù to raise the price; ñaùnh giaù to value, to estimate; danh giaù reputation, honor, fame 2 n. bean sprouts, green shoots from peas 3 n. shelf, easel, support 4 conj. if, suppose 5 adj. cold, freezing

giaù baùn n. selling price

giaù bieåu n. price list

giaù buoân n. purchase price, wholesale price

giaù buoát adj. bitter, biting cold

giaù caû n. price, cost

giaù duï v., adv. to suppose, let’s presume that; for example

giaù laïnh n. a biting cold

giaù mua n. purchase price

giaù muïc n. price list

giaù saùch n. bookshelves, bookcases

giaù theå adv. if, for example

giaù thuù n. marriage certificate

giaù thöû adv. if, for example

giaù tieàn n. price, cost, value

giaù trò n. value, worth

giaø adj., v. [SV laõo] old, aged; to grow old, to age; to be skilled [opp. treû]; [of texture, food] tough [opp. non]

giaø caû adj. very old

giaø caâng adj. very old

giaø giaën adj. experienced, skilled, mature

giaø nua adj. old, aged

giaø yeáu adj. old and weak

giaû 1 adj. fake, simulated, pretentious, sham; false, counterfeit: baïc giaû [opp. thaät, thöïc] counterfeit money 2 n. R he who, that which, a person, -er, or as suffix: taùc giaû author, writer; söù giaû envoy, ambassador; dieãn giaû speaker 3 v. (= traû) to give back, to pay [back]; (= hoaøn) to return, to refund

giaû boä v. to sham, to pretend

giaû caùch v. to simulate, to sham

giaû daïng v. to disguise oneself [laøm as]

giaû danh v. to pose as, to call oneself

giaû doái v., adj. to be false, deceitful; fake, hypocritical

giaû ñoø v. to pretend, to make believe

giaû hieäu adj. feigned, false, sham

giaû laïi v. to answer, to return; to refund

giaû maïo v. to forge, counterfeit

giaûnhö v. to suppose that

giaû söû v. See giaû nhö

giaû taûng v. to sham, to pretend

giaû thieát v. to suppose

giaû thuyeát n. hypothesis

giaû trang v. to disguise oneself

giaû vôø v. to pretend, to make believe: giaû vôø ñau to pretend to be sick

giaõ 1 v. to pound [rice, etc.] with a pestle (= ñaâm); to beat [slang] 2 v. to neutralize: thuoác giaõ ñoäc antidote, counter poison

giaõ ôn v. to thank, to show one’s gratitude

giaõ töø v. to say goodbye

giaùc 1 n. R horn (= söøng): teâ giaùc rhinoceros 2 n. R angle (= goùc): löôï ng giaùc hoïc trigonometry 3 n. R dime (= haøo, caéc) 4 v. to cup

giaùc moâ n. cornea

giaùc ngoä v. to awaken, to realize

giaùc quan n. organ of sense: naêm giaùc quan the five sense organs

giaùc thö n. memorandum, diplomatic note

giai n. (= trai) boy; male [as opp. to female gaùi]: con giai son, young boy; em giai younger brother; ñeïp giai handsome

giai caáp n. [social] class, caste

giai ñieäu n. melody

giai ñoaïn n. period, phase, stage

giai laõo v. to grow old together [as husband and wife]

giai nhaân n. beautiful lady, exquisite woman

giai phaåm n. special literary magazine

giai taùc n. elegant, fine literary composition

giai thanh n. distinguished young man, gentleman

giai thoaïi n. beautiful story, anecdote

giaûi 1 v. R to untie, to unfasten (= côûi); R to solve, to disentangle: giaûi nghóa to explain 2 v. to deliver, to hand [a criminal, prisoner] over to officials; to transport [a criminal] under guard 3 v. to spread, to lay out 4 n. prize, award

giaûi binh v. to disarm, to demobilize

giaûi buoàn v. to break the monotony

giaûi cöùu v. to save, to rescue

giaûi ñaùp v. to answer, to solve: giaûi ñaùp thaéc maéc to answer enquiries

giaûi ñoäc v. to be antidotal

giaûi giaùp v. to disarm

giaûi giôùi v. to disarm

giaûi hoaø v. to make peace, to reconcile

giaûi khaùt v. to quench thirst

giaûi khuaây v. to alleviate, to allay one’s sorrow

giaûi lao v. to have a break, to take a rest: giôø giaûi lao break time

giaûi muoän v. See giaûi buoàn

giaûi ngheä v. to retire, to leave one’s profession

giaûi nghóa v. to explain

giaûi nguõ v. to be discharged from the army

giaûi oan v. to clear [oneself or someone] of an unjust charge

giaûi phaùp n. solution [to a problem]

giaûi phaãu v., n. to dissect; to have an operation; surgery

giaûi phoùng v. to liberate

giaûi quaùn quaân n. championship

giaûi quyeát v. to solve [difficulty]

giaûi saàu v. See giaûi buoàn

giaûi taùn v. to dissolve [a body], to adjourn; to break up, to scatter

giaûi thích v. to explain, to interpret

giaûi thoaùt v. to rid oneself, to liberate, to release, to free

giaûi thuyeát v. to explain, to interpret

giaûi tích adj. analyzing; analytic

giaûi trí v. to have a distraction, to relax, to entertain

giaûi vaây v. to break a blockade, to raise a siege

giaõi v. to manifest, to show, to expose

giaõi baøy v. to convey one’s thought/feeling

giaõi toû v. to manifest, to show

giam v. to detain, to confine, to imprison: nhaø giam prison, jail

giam caàm v. to detain/imprison

giam haõm v. to detain, to restrain, to lock up, to confine

giam loûng v. to put under house arrest, to prevent from going outside/over the limit

giaùm v. R to supervise, to directly examine, to control

giaùm ñònh vieân n. expert, inspector

giaùm ñoác n. director, supervisor: phoù giaùm ñoác vice director

giaùm hoïc n. vice principal [of high school], director of courses

giaùm hoä n. guardian

giaùm khaûo n. examiner

giaùm muïc n. bishop

giaùm saùt v. to control, to inspect

giaùm thò n. overseer, proctor, invigilator

giaûm v. to decrease, to reduce, to diminish [opp. taêng]

giaûm bôùt v. to reduce, to discount

giaûm khinh v. to lighten [burden, punishment] [opp. gia troïng]

giaûm thieåu v. to decrease, to reduce, to lessen

giaûm thoï v. to shorten life

gian 1 adj. [opp. ngay] dishonest, deceitful, fraudulent, cheating, tricky, crooked: boïn gian villains; aên gian to cheat 2 n. apartment, compartment, room, house; R interval (= khoaûng), space: khoâng gian space

gian aùc adj. dishonest and wicked

gian daâm adj. adulterous

gian doái adj. tricky, deceitful, false

gian giaûo adj. cheating, shifty

gian haøng n. stall, stand

gian hieåm adj. crafty, artful, wily, sneaky, treacherous

gian huøng n. scoundrel

gian khoå adj., n. hard; hardship, adversity

gian lao adj., n. hard; hardship, adversity

gian laän v. to trick, to cheat [at an exam]

gian nan adj. difficult, laborious, troubled, hard

gian nguy adj. dangerous

gian nònh n. wily flatterer

gian phi n. malefactor, evildoer

gian phu n. adulterer

gian phuï n. adulteress, loose woman

gian taëc n. brigand, bandit

gian tham adj. covetous, dishonest, greedy

gian thaàn n. traitor [among mandarins]

gian traù adj. cheating, false, crooked

gian truaân n. adversity, trial

giaùn n. cockroach

giaùn ñieäp n. spy [CL teân, tay]; espionage

giaùn ñoaïn v. to interrupt

giaùn hoaëc adv. in case

giaùn thu adj. [taxes] indirect [as opp. to tröïc thu direct]

giaùn tieáp adv., adj. indirectly; indi- rect: thueá giaùn tieáp indirect tax

giaøn giuïa adj. bathed in tears

giaûn dò adj. simple, easy

giaûn dò hoùa v. to simplify

giaûn ñoà n. diagram

giaûn ñôn adj. simple, uncomplicated

giaûn löôïc n. summary, brief, abstract, synopsis

giaûn minh v. to be concise

giaûn tieän adj. practical, convenient

giaûn öôùc v. to be concise, simple, compact

giaûn yeáu adj. essential, elementary, concise

giaõn v. to slacken, to become dis-tended, to stretch [opp. co]

giang 1 n. R [large] river (= soâ ng); R in names of rivers: Cöûu long giang the Mekong River 2 n. a kind of bamboo with tough fibers used to make ropes

giang bieân n. river bank, riverside

giang hoà adj., n. errant; adventure: khaùch giang hoà adventurer

giang khaåu n. mouth of a river

giang sôn n. rivers and mountains; country, fatherland; burden of responsibility in family

giaùng 1 v. R to demote, to lower; to descend 2 v. to give a hiding

giaùng caáp v. to demote

giaùng chöùc v. to demote

giaùng haï v. to descend

giaùng sinh v. to be born: leã (Thieân Chuùa) Giaùng Sinh Christmas

giaùng theá v. to come into the world

giaûng v. to explain, to teach, to preach: giaûng giaûi to explain

giaûng daïy v. to teach

giaûng ñaïo v. to preach a religion

giaûng ñeà n. topic, subject [of lecture]

giaûng ñöôøng n. amphitheater, lecture room, auditorium

giaûng giaûi v. to explain, to expound

giaûng hoaø v. to make peace

giaûng khoa n. subject, course of study

giaûng kinh v. to comment on the classics

giaûng luaän v. to dissert, to expound

giaûng nghóa v. to explain, to interpret

giaûng nghieäm tröôûng n. senior assistant [in laboratory, university]

giaûng nghieäm vieân n. assistant [in laboratory, university]

giaûng sö n. assistant professor [in university] Cf.

giaùo sö, giaûng vieân giaûng taäp v. to teach, to drill

giaûng vieân n. lecturer

gianh n. (= tranh) thatch

giaønh 1 v. to secure, to win: giaønh ñöôïc giaûi nhaát to win the first prize 2 n. basket [for fruit]

giaønh giaät v. to scramble for, to dispute

giao v. to entrust [cho to], to deliver [object, merchandise]; to assign

giao caáu v. to have sexual intercourse

giao chieán v. to be engaged in fighting

giao dòch v. to trade, to communicate

giao du v. to contact frequently with, to be friends with, to accompany

giao ñieåm n. point of intersection

giao haûo v. to have a good relation, to contact someone friendly; to have amicable relations with

giao heïn v. to agree; to promise conditionally

giao hoaùn v. to exchange [culture, prisoners-of-war, etc.]

giao hoaøn v. to return, to give back

giao hôïp v. to have sexual intercourse

giao höôûng n. symphony

giao höõu n. friendship: traän ñaáu giao höõu friendship match

giao keøo n. contract: kyù/laøm giao keøo to sign a contract

giao keát v. to establish relations

giao löu v. to exchange relations [trade, culture]

giao ngaân v. to hand money to

giao phoù v. to trust, to entrust, to assign

giao teá n., v. public relations; to receive/entertain guests

giao thieäp v. to deal with, to contact with, to socialize

giao thoâng v., n. to communicate; communication [roads, railroads]; transportation

giao thôøi n. transition period, turning point

giao thöøa n. the transition hour between the old year and the new year; New Year’s Eve

giao tieáp v. to be in contact, to have relations with, to communicate

giao öôùc v. to promise, to pledge oneself [to]

giaùo 1 n. lance, long-handled spear CL ngoïn, caây 2 v., n. R to teach, to instruct; R doctrine, religion, cult: nhaø gia giaùo good family; oâ ng giaùo/thaày giaùo teacher; AÁn ñoä giaùo Hinduism Khoång giaùo Confucianism; Phaät giaùo Buddhism; Thieân chuùa giaùo Christianity, Catholicism; nhaø truyeàn giaùo missionary

giaùo aùn n. teaching plan, syllabus

giaùo chuû n. prelate, cardinal

giaùo cuï n. teaching aids

giaùo daân n. the Catholic followers/believers

giaùo duïc n., v. education; to educate: coù giaùo duïc well-educated, well-bred; Boä Quoác gia Giaùo duïc Ministry/Department of National Education; giaùo duïc caên baûn fundamental education

giaùo ñaàu v., n. to begin, to start; preliminary, preface, prologue

giaùo ñieàu n. dogma, commandment

giaùo ñoà n. disciple, believer

giaùo ñöôøng n. place of worship; church

giaùo giôùi n. educational world; teachers [as a group]

giaùo hoaù v. to educate, to civilize

Giaùo hoaøng n. Pope

giaùo hoïc n. teacher

giaùo hoäi n. church, congregation

giaùo huaán v. to teach, to educate, to re-educate: traïi giaùo huaán reeducation camp

giaùo hoäi n. church, denomination; congregation

giaùo khoa n. subject [of study]

giaùo lyù n. religious doctrine, religious teaching

giaùo só n. missionary, priest

giaùo sinh n. student teacher; student [of normal school]

giaùo sö n. university professor

giaùo trình n. teaching syllabus/ curriculum

giaùo vieân n. primary/secondary school teacher

giaùo vuï n. teaching service, department of teaching

giaûo hình n. hanging [as a punishment]

giaûo quyeät adj. artful, crafty, cunning

giaûo traù adj. hypocritical

giaùp 1 v., adj. to be close up to; near, adjacent 2 n. armor 3 n. cycle of twelve years

giaùp baøo n. armor

giaùp chieán v. to fight face to face

giaùp giôùi v. to be near the border, to share the same border

giaùp laù caø v. to fight face to face

giaùp maët v. to come face to face, to meet face to face

giaùp naêm n. last days of the year

giaùp traän v. to join a battle

giaït v. to run around, to drift

giaøu adj. rich, wealthy, well-off

giaøy n. (= giaày) shoe

giaøy deùp n. foot-wear: cöûa haøng giaøy deùp footwear store

giaøy voø v. to torment, to nag

giaøy xeùo v. to trample upon

giaõy v. See giaãy

giaëc n. pirate, invader, aggressor, rebel, enemy: ñaùnh giaëc to fight the enemy

giaëc bieån n. sea pirates

giaëc giaõ n. piracy; war, hostilities

giaêm boâng n. ham

giaüm v. to crush, to trample

giaèn v. to put down heavily, to stress [angrily]

giaèn vaët v. to nag at, to torment

giaêng n. (= traêng) [SV nguyeät] moon: gaáu aên giaêng eclipse of the moon

giaêng v. to spread, to stretch [net löôùi, sail buoàm]

giaèng v. to snatch, to pull towards oneself in a dispute

giaèng co v. to pull about

giaèng xeù v. to snatch and tear something; to get at someone’s throat

giaët v. to wash, to launder: giaët quaàn aùo to wash clothes

giaët giuõ v. to wash, to launder

giaác n. sleep, slumber; dream: nguû moät giaác to take a nap; ngon giaác to sleep soundly

giaác ñieäp n. beautiful dream

giaác moäng n. (= giaác mô) dream

giaám n. vinegar: ngaâm giaám to preserve in vinegar

giaàm n. paddle

giaäm v. to stamp one’s foot

giaäm doaï v. to frighten, to terrorize

giaàn n., v. winnowing basket; to sift

giaän adj. angry: noåi giaän to get angry; töùc giaän to be furious

giaän doãi v. to lose one’s temper

giaän döõ v. to be infuriated, to be enraged

giaäp v. to be cracked, to be bruised, to crush

giaäp maät adv. hard, soundly: laøm giaäp maät ñeå kieám tieàn to work hard to earn money

giaät v. to pull forcibly, to jerk, to snatch; to steal loan money: giaät cuûa ai to rob someone of his belongings

giaät gaân adj. [of music] hot, thrilling, sensational

giaät giaây v. to pull the strings, to control from behind the scene

giaät mình v. to be startled

giaät luøi v. to move back, to go backward

giaáu v. to hide, to conceal

giaáu gieám v. to hide

giaàu n. betel (= traàu)

giaàu khoâng n. betel

giaäu n. hedge

giaây 1 v. to smear, to get involved in 2 n. second [of time]

giaây laùt n. (= giaây phuùt) a moment, in a second

giaáy n. paper CL caùi, tôø giaáy: phoøng giaáy office; baïc giaáy paper money

giaáy baùo n. notice, card, notification: giaáy baùo thi notification for examination

giaáy boùng n. cellophane

giaáy chöùng minh n. identity card: giaáy chöùng minh nhaân daân identity card of a citizen

giaáy chöùng nhaän n. certificate

giaáy ñi ñöôøng n. travel document

giaáy giaù thuù n. marriage certificate

giaáy khai sinh n. birth certificate

giaáy kính n. cellophane

giaáy loän n. waste paper

giaáy nhaùm n. sand paper

giaáy nhaät trình n. newsprint; old newspapers

giaáy pheùp n. permit, license

giaáy saùp n. wax paper, stencil

giaáy thieác n. tin foil

giaáy thoâng haønh n. passport

giaáy veä sinh n. toilet paper

giaãy 1 v. to clean [a field]: giaãy coû to weed 2 v. to wriggle, to strive, to struggle

giaãy giuaï v. to struggle

giaãy naûy v. to start up, jump, to surprise

gieøm v. to berate, to slander

gieøm pha v. to backbite, to vilify, to talk down

gieo v. to sow, to cast

gieo maï v. to sow rice seeds

gieo mình v. to throw oneself

gieïp adj. flat, flattened, collapsed

gieâng n. the first month of the lunar year, January: ra gieâng next January, early next year

gieáng n. well: ñaøo gieáng to drill a well

gieáng maïch n. artesian well

gieáng phun n. artesian well

gieát v. [SV saùt] to kill, to murder, to assassinate; to slaughter

gieãu v. to tease, to kid, to jest

gieãu côït v. to tease, to joke

gìn giöõ v. to keep, to preserve, to guard: gìn giöõ saïch seõ to keep clean

gioù n. [SV phong] wind [CL côn, traän]: trôøi gioù to be windy

gioù hanh n. dry and cold wind

gioù loác n. whirlwind

gioù luøa n. draft

gioù muøa n. monsoon

gioø 1 n. meat paste [wrapped in banana leaf] 2 n. foot [of pig, chicken], leg

gioø luïa n. lean pork ham

gioø thuû n. pig’s head ham

gioû n. market basket, flower basket

gioøi n. worm, maggot

gioûi adj. good, adept, skilled, clever, capable: hoïc gioûi to be smart or to do well in school; maïnh gioûi well, in good health

gioøn adj. crispy, brittle, [of laugh] hearty, tinkling

gioøn tan adj. very crispy

giong 1 v. to go away, to travel 2 n. bamboo branch, bamboo twig

gioùng 1 n. stump, section of bamboo tree or sugar cane: gioùng mía sugar cane stick 2 v. to prod [goad, urge] with beatings

gioøng 1 n. line 2 n. current, flow, stream: gioøng nöôùc water flow

gioïng n. voice, tone; intonation; tone of Vietnamese word [SV thanh]; accent, voice pitch

gioïng kim n. soprano

gioïng löôõi n. lingo, tongue

gioït n. drop: gioït maùu blood drop; töøng gioït drop by drop

gioït leä n. tears

gioã n. [SV kî] anniversary of death, memorial day: gioã chaïp, gioã teát festivals

gioã teát n. anniversaries and festivals

gioái v. (= troái) to make the last recommendations; to write a will: lôøi gioái giaêng last will

gioài n. (= nhoài) blood pudding

gioãi v. to get angry, to get upset

gioäi v. to pour water on something/someone

gioâng n. storm, rainstorm: gioâng baõo thunderstorm

gioâng gioáng adv. somewhat similar, alike

gioâng toá n. hurricane, storm, tem- pest (= baõo toá)

gioáng 1 n. species, breed, strain, race; sex, gender: haït gioáng seeds; noøi gioáng race 2 v. to resemble, to look like, to be similar

gioáng caùi n. feminine

gioáng ñöïc n. masculine

gioáng heät adj. to be as alike as two peas

gioáng ngöôøi n. mankind, human race

gioáng nhö v. to look like

gioáng noøi n. race

gioáng vaät n. animal

gioàng v. (= troàng) to plant, to cultivate, to grow

gioäp v. to blister [because of burn, scalding, sunburn]

giô v. to raise [hand, foot]; to show: giô maët to show oneself

giôø n. time; time of the clock; hour: Baây giôø laø maáy giôø? What time is it now?; baây giôø now; moät giôø ñoàng hoà one hour; hai giôø röôõi saùng 2.30 a.m.; ba giôø keùm naêm five to three; giôø aên saùng breakfast time

giôø ñaây n. at the present time

giôø giaác n., v. time; schedule; to stick to a schedule

giôø laâu adj. long, long time

giôû 1 v. to alter, to change 2 v. to untie, to unwrap, to open

giôû chöùng v. to change one’s conduct

giôû daï v. [of woman] to begin to have labor pains

giôû gioïng v. to change one’s tune

giôû giôøi n. change of weather

giôû maët v. to change one’s line of conduct, to overturn; to turn one’s face

giôû mình v. to turn over in bed

giôû reùt v. to become cold, to be cold again

giôi n. bat

giôùi n. sex; world, circles

giôùi haïn n., v. limit, limitation; to limit

giôùi nghieâm n. curfew, martial law: ban haønh leänh giôùi nghieâm to declare martial law/curfew

giôùi thieäu v. to introduce [socially]: Toâi xin giôùi thieäu baïn toâi vôùi oâng. May I introduce my friend to you.

giôùi tuyeán n. demarcation line

giôøi (= trôøi) sky, heaven; weather, climate; God, Lord, Providence, Heavens; R long: ba thaùng giôøi three long months; treân giôøi in the sky; chaàu giôøi to die, to pass away; Giôøi ôi! Good heavens!; Chuùa Giôøi God; maët giôøi the sun

giôøi ñaùnh n. God’s punishment

giôøi ñaát n. nothing at all [in negative statements]: Noù say, chaúng bieát giôøi ñaát gì. He was dead drunk and wasn’t conscious of anything.

giôøi giaùng v. to have a nasty fall

giôøn v. to flit, to flitter about, to wander

giôõn v. to play, to romp

giôïn v. to feel a thrill

giuõ v. to shake the dust or water off

giuõa v. to file; to smooth, to polish: giuõa moùng tay to file one’s finger-nails

giuïc v. to urge on, to incite/motivate someone to do something

giuùi 1 v. to push with force, to thrust 2 v. to slip in something secretly: giuùi tieàn vaøo tuùi ai to slip money into someone’s pocket

giuïi v. to rub, to stamp out: giuïi maét to rub one’s eyes

giuøm v. to aid, to help: giuøm moät tay to give help, to give a hand

giun n. worm, earthworm

giun deá n., adj. worms and crickets; feeble

giun saùn n. worms and tapeworms

giuùp v. to help, to aid: giuùp ñôõ ai vieäc gì to help someone do something

giuùp ích to be of service to, to be useful

giuùp söùc v. to help, to back up

giuùp vieäc v. to aid, to collaborate

giöõ v. [SV thuû] to keep, to hold, to maintain; to protect, to guard, gìn giöõ to maintain, to preserve; canh giöõ, phoøng giöõ to guard; giöõ lôøi höùa to keep one’s promise; giöõ mieäng to hold one’s tongue; giöõ mình to be on one’s guard; giöõ nhaø to guard the house; giöõ traät töï to maintain order; giöõ vieäc to assume work

giöõ bo bo v. to guard jealously

giöõ gìn v. to maintain, to preserve, to take care of

giöõ khö khö v. to guard jealously

giöõ treû v. to mind children

giöõa n., adv. [SV trung] in the middle, in the center; amidst, between, among: giöõa trôøi in the open air; giöõa tröa midday, noon

giöông v. to open one’s eyes wide, to stare; to stretch some string

giöôøng n. bed: lieät giöôøng to be bedridden

giöôøng chieáu n. bed and mat

giöït v. (= giaät) to snatch; to win; to pull

goø 1 n. mound, knoll CL caùi 2 v. to tighten, to hammer into shape

goø boù v. to impose strict discipline; [of written style] to be affected

goø cöông v. to draw in the rein, to pull in the reins, to rein

goø ñoáng n. hillock

goø gaãm v. to forge [written style]

goø löng v. to bend the back

goø maù n. cheekbone

goõ v. to knock, to rap: goõ cöûa nhaø ai to knock on the door of someone’s house; chim goõ moõ woodpecker

goõ laïi v. to straighten [warped metal surface]

goaù adj. widowed: goaù choàng to be a widow

goùc n. angle, corner; portion, fraction, piece [of a cake]

goùi v., n. to wrap up; to pack; parcel, package, pack, bundle: goùi quaø to wrap up a present

goûi n. special Vietnamese dish made of prawn, pork and vegetables, Vietnamese coleslaw

goïi v. (= keâu) to call, to hail, to summon; to name: keâu goïi to appeal to, to call upon

goïi coå phaàn v. to call upon shareholders

goïi cöûa v. to knock at the door

gom v. to gather together [money]

goøn n. cotton, wadding

goïn v., adj. to be neatly arranged, to dress neatly; to be methodical, systematic, in order

goïng n. rim, frame, framework: goïng oâ umbrella frame

goïng kìm n. prongs, tines [of pincers]; two pronged [attack]

gooøng n. [Fr. wagonnet] tip cart, tip wagon

goùp v. to contribute, to donate; to pay jointly with others or on installment: goùp phaàn to contribute one’s share [vaøo to]; giaû/ traû goùp to pay in installments

goùp chuyeän v. to take part in a conversation

goùp nhaët v. to collect little by little, to accumulate

goùp phaàn v. to take part in, to participate in

goùp söùc v. to focus one’s energies on, to contribute

goùp voán v. to pool capital in a business

goùt n. heel [of foot, shoe]: theo goùt to follow; quay goùt to turn around

goùt sen n. L pretty girl

goït v. to peel [fruit] with knife, to sharpen [pencil]

goâ 1 n. partridge 2 v. to tie, to tie up, to bind [RV laïi]

goân n. [Fr. goal] goal in soccer or football: ngöôøi giöõ goân (= thuû moân) goalkeeper

goâng n. cangue; stocks [used on criminals]

goâng cuøm n. yoke, slavery

goàng v. to try one’s best

goàng gaùnh v. to carry with a pole

goäp v. to add up

goät v. to clean [with brush and water]; to wipe

goät röûa v. to clean and wash; to get rid of

gôû adj. [of an omen ñieàm] ill

goà adj. prominent, jutting out, protruding: traùn goà prominent forehead

goà gheà adv. uneven, rough, broken, hilly, bumpy, unsmooth

goã n. [SV moäc] (= caây) wood, timber, lumber: goã cöùng hard-wood; than goã wood coal; ñoáng goã wood pile; moït goã wood-eater; beø goã raft of timber; baèng goã wooden

goác n. [SV baûn] foot [of a tree]; root: goác caây foot of a tree

goác gaùc n. origin, descent

goác laõi n. principal and interest

goác ngoïn adv. from the beginning to the end: ñaàu ñuoâi goác ngoïn thoroughly

goác tích n. origin, descent

goäc adj. [slang] big, large, huge

goái 1 n. pillow, cushion, bolster [CL caùi] to rest one’s head [ñaàu] [vaøo on]: aùo goái pillowcase 2 n. knee: ñaàu goái knee; quì goái/ xuoáng goái to kneel down

goäi v. to wash one’s hair: taém goäi to bathe, to wash up

goám n. pottery: ñoà goám pottery

goàm v. to total up; to include, to comprise: bao goàm to include [opp. laønh]

gôõ v. to unravel, to extricate, to clear up [knot, embarrassing situation]; to recover [money lost at gambling]

gôõ ñaàu v. to comb out one’s hair

gôõ gaïc v. to profit, to take advantage of

gôõ nôï v. to pay off a debt

gôõ toäi v. to clear oneself

gôûi v. See göûi

gôïi v. to arouse, to awaken, to revive [emotion, memories], to strike up [conversation], to whet [desires]: gôïi nhôù to revive memories

gôùm adj. horrified; horrible, dreadful, disgusting: ñau gôùm terrible pain

gôøm v. to be scared/afraid of

gôïn adj., n. [of water] rippled, wavy; flaw [in gem]

gôïn soùng adj. undulating, wavy

gôït v. to scum, to skim

guø 1 v. to coo [of dove] 2 adj. hunch-backed

guï n. a kind of tough wood used for furniture

guïc v. to bend down [one’s head ñaàu]: ngaõ guïc xuoáng to slump down

guoác n. wooden shoe or clog [CL chieác for one, ñoâi for a pair]

guoàng n. spinning wheel; machine, machinery

göø v. [of dog] to snarl, to growl

göûi v. to send, to forward, to remit, to dispatch; to entrust

göûi laïi v. to commit, to entrust someone with something; to send back

göûi lôøi v. to send a message

göûi reå v. [of a son-in-law] to live with one’s wife’s family

göûi thaân v. to die

göøng n. ginger CL cuû for root, nhaùt for slices

göôm n. sword [CL löôõi, thanh]: mang, ñeo göôm to carry a sword; Hoà Göôm the Sword Lake

göôøm v. to scowl, to glower

göôïm v. to hold back, to postpone: Göôïm ñaõ ! Hold it!

göông n. [SV kính] mirror: theo göông/noi to follow the example of

göông maët n. appearance, look

göông maãu n. model, example

göông toát n. good example

göôïng v., adj. to do something reluctantly, to make efforts; unnatural: göôïng cöôøi to smile reluctantly