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Abbreviations:

LAC: Library and Archives of Canada.

AOO: Archives of Ontario.

CRDH: Ernest Cruikshank, The Documentary History of the Campaigns upon the Niagara Frontier 1812–1814, 9 Volumes (Welland, ON: Tribune Press, 1896–1908).

CGMC: Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society Archives, B00-11, A. Conger Goodyear War of 1812 Manuscripts, 1779–1862.

SBD1812: William C.H. Wood, Select British Documents of the War of 1812 (Toronto: Champlain Society of Canada, 1920).

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CHAPTER 1 — INTRODUCTION

1. Robert Gourlay, Statistical Account of Upper Canada Compiled with a View to a Grand System of Emigration, 2 Volumes (London: Simpkin and Marshall, 1822). Republished by the Social Science Research Council of Canada, S.R. Publishers Ltd., Johnson Reprint Corp., 1966, 34–44.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid.

CHAPTER 2 — BEATING THE DRUMS FOR WAR

1. Proceedings and Debates of the U.S. House of Representatives, 12th Congress, 1st Session, November 1811.

2. Proceedings and Debates of the U.S. House of Representatives, 12th Congress, 1st Session, December 1811.

3. W. James, A Full and Correct Account of the Military Occurrences of the Late War between Great Britain and the United States of America, Vol. 3 (London: William James, 1818), 77–78.

4. Ibid.

5. CRDH, Volume 3, 81–82.

6. W. James, A Full and Correct Account…, Vol. 3, 77.

*7. LAC, RG8-I: British Military and Naval Records, 1757–1903, Vol. 1,218, 291.

8. Ibid., 305–06.

9. SBD1812, Vol. 1, 169–70.

10. LAC, RG8-I, Miscellaneous Records, 1812–1815, Freer Papers, Vol. 1,707, 3, and CRDH, Vol. 3, 63.

CHAPTER 3 — THE OPENING ROUND, JUNE TO AUGUST 1812

1. Irving Brant, The Fourth President: A Life of James Madison, Vol. 6 (Indianapolis & New York: The Bobbs Merrill Company, 1970), 49.

2. Alexander C. Casselman, ed., Richardson’s War of 1812, Vol. 1 (Toronto: Historical Publishing Co., 1902), facsimile edition by Coles Publishing Co., Toronto, 1974, 15; and SBD1812, 355–57.

3. Ibid.

*4. CRDH, Vol. 3, 91.

5. LAC, RG8-I, British Military and Naval Records, 1757–1903, Vol. 1, 218, 345.

6. SBD1812, Vol. 1, 461.

7. Ibid., 461–62.

*8. SBD1812, Vol. 1, 474; and LAC, RG8-I, British Military and Naval Records, 1757–1903, Vol. 1219, 8.

*9. SBD1812, Vol. 1, 469.

*10. Ibid.

11. Ibid., 473.

12. Ibid., 487–89.

13. Ibid., 497.

14. Solomon Van Rensselaer, A Narrative of the Affair at Queenston in the War of 1812 (New York: Leavitt, Lord & Co., 1836), Appendix, 37–38.

CHAPTER 4 — ACTIONS ALONG THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, JULY TO DECEMBER 1812

1. AOO, MS 520, Solomon Jones Papers, Petition of William Fraser, et al., July 7, 1812; and Kingston Gazette, July 21, 1812.

2. CRDH, Vol.1, 142; and A. Hough, History of St Lawrence and Franklin Counties, New York, 1760–1814 (Albany NY: Little & Co. 1853), 621.

3. B. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812 (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1868), 369–70; and Hough, History of St Lawrence and Franklin Counties, 622.

*4. Compilation estimate derived from: AOO, MU527, Duncan Clark Papers, and AOO, MU 2034, Events in the Military History of the Saint Lawrence River Valley, 1760–1814; Kingston Gazette, September 19, 1812; and Hough, A History of St. Lawrence and Franklin Counties, 623–24.

5. CGMC, Vol. 10, Patrick Finan, Journal of a Voyage to Quebec in the Year 1825, with Recollections of Canada During the Late American War in the Years 1812–13 (Printed by Alexander Peacock, 1828).

6. Ibid.

7. LAC, Duncan Clark Papers, MG19.A39, Vol. 3, 66–67.

8. Ibid.

9. Casselman, Richardson’s War of 1812, 104–06.

10. AOO, MS 519, Joel Stone Papers; J. Mackay Hitsman, The Incredible War of 1812: A Military History (Toronto: Robin Brass Studio, 1999), revised edition updated by Donald Graves, 96; and T.H.W. Leavitt, History of Leeds and Grenville Counties from 1749 to 1879 (Brockville, ON, 1879), 38–39.

CHAPTER 5 — THREATS AND COUNTER-THREATS ALONG THE NIAGARA RIVER, JULY TO OCTOBER 1812

1. Solomon Van Rensselaer, A Narrative of the Affair at Queenston in the War of 1812 (New York: Leavitt, Lord & Co., 1836), Appendix, 37–38.

2. New York State, Historical Monographs, Historical Literature Collection, Papers relating to the War of 1812 on the Niagara Frontier, Anonymous collection, circa 1850; Reminiscences of Archer Galloway (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Library), 23.

*3. Solomon Van Rensselaer, A Narrative of the Affair at Queenston … Appendix, 37–38; Robert Malcomson, A Very Brilliant Affair, The Battle of Queenston Heights 1812 (Toronto: Robin Brass Studio, 2003), 257–58; and J.L. Thomson, Historical Sketches of the Late War Between the United States and Great Britain (Philadelphia: Thomas Delsilver, 1816), 68.

4. F.H. Severence, The Case of Brigadier General Smyth (New York State, Historical Monographs, Buffalo Historical Society Publications No. 18, 1941), 220.

5. CRDH, Vol. 3, 232.

6. Solomon Van Rensselaer, A Narrative of the Affair at Queenston …, Appendix, 37–38.

7. George Auchinleck, A History of the War between Great Britain and the United States of America during the Years 1812, 1813 & 1814 (Toronto: Thomas Maclear, 1853), reprint by Arms & Armour Press and Pendragon House, 1972, 102–03.

*8. Isaac Roach, Journal of Major Isaac Roach 1812–1824, reprint of Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, July and October 1893, 6–8.

9. Ibid.

10. CGMC, Vol. 10, Letter by John Chapman, circa 1853.

11. J. Armstrong, Notices of the War of 1812 (New York: Wiley & Putnam, 1840), 254; and Solomon Van Rensselaer, A Narrative of the Affair at Queenston …, Appendix, 20.

*12. Solomon Van Rensselaer, A Narrative of the Affair at Queenston …, Appendix, 19, and 43–45.

*13. LAC, RG8-I: British Military and Naval Records, 1757–1903, Vol. 1, 220, 231–34.

14. CRDH., Vol. 4, 64.

*15. Robert Malcomson, A Very Brilliant Affair…, 256.

CHAPTER 6 — PLANS GONE WRONG, THE BATTLE OF QUEENSTON HEIGHTS, OCTOBER 13, 1812

1. CGMC, Vol. 7. Armstrong’s letter to Lossing re Queenston Heights.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. J. Armstrong, Notices of the War of 1812, Vol. 1, 207.

5. Ibid., 104.

6. Niagara Historical Society Papers, No 28 (c.1916), Recollections of the Late Hon. James Crooks.

7. CRDH, Vol. 4, 76–78.

8. Carl F. Klinck, Journal of Major John Norton, Publication No. 46 (Toronto: Champlain Society of Canada, 1970), 308.

9. Niagara Historical Society Papers, No 28, Recollections of the Late Hon. James Crooks.

10. CRDH, Vol. 4, 85–86.

*11. LAC, RG8-I: British Military and Naval Records, 1757–1903, Vol. 1,220, 234; and CRDH, Vol. 4, 76.

CHAPTER 7 — THE FRENCHMAN’S CREEK FIASCO, NOVEMBER 29, 1812

1. CRDH, Vol. 4, 241.

2. F.H. Severence, The Case of Brigadier General Smyth, 227–28.

3. CRDH, Vol. 4, 234.

4. Ibid., 234.

5. Ibid., 237

6. F.H. Severence, The Case of Brigadier General Smyth, 227–28.

*7. Composite lists derived from:

Benson J. Lossing, The Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812, Chapter 20; LAC, RG8-I: British Military and Naval Records, 1757–1903, Vol. 690, 42; LAC, RG8-I: British Military and Naval Records, 1757–1903, Vol. 1220, 65; and W. James, A Full and Correct Account of the Military Occurrences …, 110–11, 386.

8. CGMC, Vol. 11, Diary of Naval Surgeon, Usher Parsons, Entries for November 28, 1812.

9. J. Armstrong, Notices of the War of 1812, Vol. 1, 111; and F.H. Severence, The Case of Brigadier General Smyth, 235.

10. Connecticut Courant, February 23, 1813.

*11. Composite lists derived from:

Benson J. Lossing, The Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812, Footnote 37; LAC, RG8-I: British Military and Naval Records, 1757–1903, Vol. 690, 42–43; LAC, RG8-I: British Military and Naval Records, 1757–1903, Vol. 1, 220, 65–66; and W. James, A Full and Correct Account of the Military Occurrences, 391.

12. CRDH, Vol. 4, 246, 250.

13. CGMC, Vol. 11, Diary of Naval Surgeon Usher Parsons, Entries for November 30 and December 1, 1812.