Читать книгу Dental Management of Sleep Disorders - Ronald Attanasio - Страница 26

Normal sleep can be viewed from two aspects: (i) the actual distribution of the two main sleep states, non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and (ii) an understanding of the neurotransmitters that regulate the sleep–wake states. The initial staging of sleep was proposed in 1957 [1], based on the work of Loomis in the 1930s [2]. In 1968, a manual was published that has been the basis for defining sleep staging [3]. The distribution of NREM and REM states, known as sleep architecture, is altered over time as the individual progresses from infancy, through adulthood to becoming elderly. These changes are dynamic and distinctly related to sleep onset, sleep maintenance, and the amount of time for each sleep stage.