Читать книгу Dental Management of Sleep Disorders - Ronald Attanasio - Страница 42

The origin is from the hypothalamus and the role of orexin (orexin A and B), also known as hypocretin (hypocretin 1 and 2), has been determined to be a neurochemical that maintains wakefulness [36]. These were discovered at about the same time, almost two decades ago, by two different research groups and hence the two different names. Its role is to maintain and stabilize wakefulness as well as vigilance. It is known to suppress REM and NREM sleep. A reduction in the presence of orexin is implicated in the presentation of narcolepsy. Consequently, specific medications that are designed to influence the release of orexin are used for the management of Narcolepsy and hence maintain wakefulness and vigilance. Orexin A levels have been shown to be lower in patients with OSA [37]. The orexin/hypocretin neurons are activated by glutamate [5].