Читать книгу Javanese English Dictionary - Stuart Robson Dr. - Страница 10

A

aba 1 sign, sound; 2 order, command; to order, command; 3 spoken word; to say, speak;

ngabani 1 to give a signal, give a command; 2 to quote (a price). See also aban.

abab 1 breath; 2 fig hot air;

ngababi to breathe on s.t.;

kababan to get blown on; to feel a rush of air, e.g. from a passing vehicle or a gunshot.

abad 1 century; - kepungkur the last century; 2 age, era; - modhèren the modern age (era);

maabad-abad for centuries.

abadi eternal, eternity.

abadiyah eternal.

abah I ngabah-abahi lit to scold.

II abahan 1 timber; 2 wooden block for cutting off the head;

kumurep ing abahan to lie face down on a wooden block, fig to put fate in s.o.'s hands.

abah-abah I tool, instrument; - tenunan loom.

II saddle. See also lapak.

ngabah-abahi to saddle.

aban, aban-aban 1 orders for drill; 2 reg loud noise. See also aba.

abang ng, abrit kr 1 red, reddish-brown; 2 ripe (of ripe product); - biru fig circumstances, fate; - dluwang very pale: even white paper is redder; - mbranang or abing bright red; - tuwa dark red;

abang-abang s.t. red;

ngabang to redden; - bironi to cause s.o. to be ashamed;

ngabangi 1 to redden s.t.; 2 to make the colour redder than before; 3 to become red;

ngabangaké to cause s.t. to be red; ­ kuping (rai, mata) fig to cause s.o. to be angry;

abangan one who does not adhere strictly to the precepts of Islam;

abang-abang lambé 1 to make the lips red; 2 fig what the listener wants to hear; 3 fig to play up to s.o.; small talk; gossip. See also bang.

abar I no longer effective, powerless;

ngabar 1 to evaporate, vaporise; 2 to lose effectiveness; 3 to default on an obligation (of bet); 4 to excite the gamecocks before fighting by facing them to each other;

ngabaraké to cause s.t. to be powerless; powerless;

pangabaran magical formula for destroying the enemy's power;

kabar to lose the best essence;

santen - thin coconut milk (see also santen); prawan - non-virginal girl (see also prawan);

abaran or abar-abaran (of gamecocks) to face each other excitedly before fighting. See also aber I.

II ngabar-abar to threaten by brandishing a sharp weapon. See also agar.

abas I ngabas to act indiscriminately, without basis.

II ngabas var of ngabar, see abar I.

abdas to cleanse o.s. ritually before prayer;

pabdasan or padasan a large earthen vessel with a tap, containing well water for ritual ablution before prayers.

abdi k.i. (batur, réwang ng, réncang kr) servant; - dalem 1 servant at court; 2 I, me (when addressing o.s. to royalty); - dalem jaba palace officials under the vice regent; - dalem juru palace soothsayer; - dalem garap clerk in a Surakarta regent's office; ­ dalem prajurit palace guard; - dalem silir court official in charge of the palace lamps;

ngabdi to live in s.o.'s home as a servant, fig to give good service to s.o.;

ngabdèni to be s.o.'s servant;

ngabdèkaké 1 to have s.o. live in s.o.'s home as a servant; 2 to take s.o. as a servant;

kaabdèkaké ng, kaabdèkaken kr, to be appointed as a servant at court;

pangabdi or pangabdèn service.

aben I to compete; competition, confrontation (kr for adu).

II each, every (coll var of saben);

abene usually;

aben-aben from time to time, again and again.

aber I to lose its magic power; no longer effective (of magic formula etc) (var of abar);

ngaber-aberi to cause s.t. to be powerless.

II to fly (var of iber);

aber-aberan or iber-iberan flying creatures.

abet, ngabet or mangabet lit to be a servant;

kabet to be framed;

abet-abet 1 frame; 2 lit a female servant in a hermitage.

abing bright red. See abang.

abipraya intention, purpose;

saabipraya harmonious, to make an agreement.

abir long-handled Chinese sword.

abiséka 1 consecration of a king; 2 king's name given at a consecration.

abjad 1 alphabet (Arabic or Latin); 2 alphabetical order.

ablah, ngablah-ablah 1 wide open; 2 to sleep sprawled on one's back.

ablak, ngablak 1 to open the mouth wide; 2 to blab; 3 to talk senselessly;

ngablak-ablak wide open;

ngablakake to leave s.t. wide open. See blak, eblak.

abon I shredded meat that has been boiled and fried.

II s.o. who is paid as part time labour (of cigarette home industry).

III reg offering; kebo - buffaloes offered for ritual ceremonies (see also kebo); yatra - money to buy a buffalo for religious offering (see also yatra).

abon-abon variety of side-dishes for ceremonial meals.

abong-abong reg just because.

abor rotten (of egg).

abot ng, awrat kr, heavy, hard, weighty; ­ènthèng degree of weight; - sanggané fig to be unable to oppose s.o. (of competition etc); to have difficulty supporting s.o.; tembako - strong tobacco (see also tembako); lakon - a profound drama (see also lakon, laku); ngabotaké to consider (more) important.

See bot, bobot.

abra glittering, sparkling.

abrag or abrag-abrag 1 household articles, utensils; 2 lumber, junk;

diabrag (of clothing, shoes etc) intended for everyday or ordinary use;

abragan 1 household utensils; 2 junk, worn-out articles.

abreg plentiful;

abreg-abregan to be piled up;

saabreg-abreg in heaps.

See also ambreg II.

abrik, ngobrak-abrik to turn upside down;

mobrak-mabrik in disarray; in utter disorder.

abrit red (kr for abang).

absah 1 valid; 2 paid up.

absara god, deity.

absari goddess, female deity.

abuh swollen, puffy;

ngabuh-abuhi to be swollen (of wound, corpse).

abuk I 1 power (reg var of bubuk); 2 manure, fertiliser (reg var of rabuk).

II ngabuk 1 to claim possession of s.t. one does not own; 2 to obtain merchandise without paying for it.

abul, ngabul-abul or ngobal-abul to scatter;

mabul-mabul or mobal-mabul scattered all over the place.

abur flight through the air;

ngaburaké 1 to let s.t. fly away; 2 to fly (an aeroplane);

mabur to fly up, fly away; montor ­aeroplane.

See also bur.

abyagata, ngabyagata lit to set to work.

abyor to twinkle;

mabyor twinkling, sparkling, shining.

acak, ngacak 1 reg to try, make an effort (var of cacak); 2 begin to do s.t.; 3 to flood;

kacakan 1 to be flooded; 2 to get (what others get).

acala lit mountain.

acar I pickles; - bawang garlic pickles; - bening uncooked pickles; - mateng cooked pickles; ngacar 1 to make (into) pickles; 2 to become pickles.

II ngacar 1 to thrust, lunge; 2 to make preparations for; 3 to share. See also ancar.

acara 1 programme; 2 item of a programme;

ngacarani to welcome with s.t.;

pangacara master of ceremonies.

aceng, ngaceng to have an erection;

ngacengan lascivious, lustful.

acir, ngacir 1 to stand alone and look high (of tree); 2 to run away;

ngocar-acir 1 to scatter around untidily; 2 to squander;

kocar-kacir strewn all about, in disarray.

aco, ngaco to talk claptrap, talk without knowing what one is talking about.

acuk var of aceng.

acum pale in the face (because of illness). See also celom.

acung, acung-acung to point at, point out;

ocang-acung to point out repeatedly, to keep raising one's hand;

ngacung to raise the hand;

ngacungi or ngecungi 1 to point at/to s.t.; 2 cr to offer s.t;

ngacungaké 1 to raise, lift; 2 to appoint s.o. as a representative;

acungan 1 substitute, representative; 2 act of raising the hand.

ada I time of scarcity;

ngadani 1 to start first; 2 to originate, initiate; 3 to inspect, direct, maintain.

II palm leaf rib (var of sada).

ada-ada 1 central vein of leaf or feather; 2 support, prop; 3 a certain Javanese script punctuation mark used at the beginning of a sentence (see also adegadeg); 4 a certain kind of song in a wayang performance to create atmosphere in a scene; to sing a song as above; 5 to initiate;

mangada-ada lit to stand on end like palm leaf ribs.

adab good manners, civilised conduct.

adabiyah var of adangiyah.

adaini a major artery in the neck, arms or legs.

adan I a call to prayer; to recite the call to prayer.

II ngadani 1 to inspect, organise (of work); 2 to maintain. See also dandan.

adang to cook rice by steaming;

ngadangaké to steam rice for s.o.;

adangan or dang-dangan cooked rice or other kinds;

padang cook (specifically for rice);

padangan kitchen, specially for cooking rice;

saadang sapanginang fig in as short a time as it takes to cook rice or chew betel;

Pandhawa madangaké sibling combination, consisting of five brothers and one sister. See also dang.

adangiyah opening salutation of a letter.

adas fennel; lenga - fennel oil, sometimes used for stomachache; sembur-sembur adas fig blessing conveyed by old people to a child by blowing on the head (see also sembur).

adat 1 traditional patterns of behaviour; 2 (or adaté) usually, customarily; ­ kalumrahan traditional custom; ­ pakulinan habit, usage; - saben usual, customary; -

tatacara social norms, customs and manners; - waton traditional law or custom, social norms;

ngadat 1 var of adat; 2 to make a habit of, do customarily; 3 troublesome, to keep giving the same problem;

padatan 1 habit, usage, custom; 2 usually, customary

adawiyah var of adangiyah.

adeg 1 founding; 2 act of setting up; 3 standing; 4 (or adegan) scene (in a play);

adeg-adeg 1 mainstay, supporting prop; 2 a Javanese script punctuation mark at the beginning of a sentence; ­ antep (kantep) (of babies) to keep falling when trying to stand;

saka 1 to stand motionless as a pillar; 2 (of tops) to spin on one spot and look motionless;

ngadeg, jumeneng k.i. to stand;

ngadegi or ngedegi 1 to build s.t. onto s.t. else; 2 (njenengi k.i.) to be present at; 3 to take part;

ngadegaké or ngedegaké 1 to set up, to build; 2 to hold; 3 to appoint, install;

madeg ng, kr, jumeneng k.i. 1 to become; 2 to stand (up), to be established; - kraman to carry out a rebellion;

adegan scene (in a play);

adeg-adegan 1 jumenengan k.i. in a standing position; 2 formal appointment, installation (of an official);

pangadeg 1 (var of piadeg) stature (see also dedeg); 2 measure of height;

mangadeg lit to stand up;

sadeg sanyet an instant, just for the moment.

adha a small dam.

adhag, ngadhag-adhag or ngedhag-edha 1 to lie face up; 2 to lie openly;

ngadhagaké or ngedhagaké to let s.t. lie openly.

adhah container; - awu ashtray;

ngadhahi or madhahi to accommodate, put in. See also wadhah.

adhak, adhakan 1 within easy reach, close to things, handy; 2 usually, customarily.

adhang, adhang-adhang or ngadhangadhang to wait s.w. for people/things to go past;

ngadhang to wait s.w. for people/ things to go past;

ngadhangi or ngadhang-adangi to block the passage of;

ngadhangaké to stop s.t. for s.o. else;

adhangan 1 waiting place for s.t. passing by; 2 passing vehicles which can give a lift.

adhèg on heat (of animals).

adhèh, ngadhehaké to cause (a horse) to gallop;

adhèhan or adhéyan act of galloping, gallop of a horse.

adhèk reg younger brother/sister. See also adhi, adhik.

adhem ng, asrep kr 1 cool; 2 calm, to keep control of o.s., peaceful; 3 short in weight; - anyep 1 cold and tasteless; 2 fig apathetic; - ayem 1 calm, peaceful, comfort; 2 apathetic; ­ njekut intensely cold;

ngadhem to cool o.s., to escape from the heat;

ngadhemi to make s.t. cooler;

ngadhemaké to let s.t. become cold;

kadhemen 1 excessively cold/cool; 2 to have/get a chill;

adheman 1 a shady place; 2 a special night for considering a number value of days e.g. before a ceremony;

adhem-adheman to execute s.t. quietly

adhèng to have no more trouble from, to be better (illness).

adhep ng ajeng kr, 1 the front part of s.t.; 2 what one focuses on or keeps in mind (e.g. a belief);

adhep-adhep reg to stand in front of s.o. who is eating in order to get a part of the meal;

ngadhep ng, kr, sowan k.i. appear before s.o.;

ngadhepi 1 to appear before s.o.; 2 to face, confront; 3 to sit in front of s.t.; ngadhepakè ng, ngajengaken kr 1 to face, front, look on to; 2 to lay s.t. in front of s.o., to bring s.o. up before the authorities;

madhep 1 to face (toward); 2 to be steadfast; - mantep fixed, determine;

adhep-adhepan face to face.

adhi ng, kr, rayi k.i. 1 younger sibling; 2 smaller (of the same things); 3 wife; - ipé younger brother/sister-in-law;

kakang - older-younger sibling relationship (see also kakang);

ngadhi to address s.o. or regard s.o. as one's own younger sibling;

adhimas or dhimas polite term of address for younger brother or male relatives;

adhiajeng or dhiajeng polite term of address for younger sister or female relatives;

adhi ketemu gedhe fiancee, girl friend.

adhik var of adhi.

adhong a kind of bamboo sieve for catching fish;

ngadhong to catch fish by putting a bamboo sieve in a small stream.

adhu planted during the dry season, var of gadhu.

adhuh excl of pain, joy; - biyung or ­ mbok excl of pain; - lae lit, excl my goodness, oh dear!

ngadhuh or ngadhuh-adhuh to exclaim in pain, lament, moan, groan. See also dhuh.

adhuk, ngadhuk to stir, mix, plough through, stir up s.t. from the bottom;

ngadhuk-adhuk to plough through;

ngadhuki to stir up s.t. continuously;

adhukan mixture;

campur adhuk mixed up.

adhul, ngadhul-adhul or ngodhal-adhul 1 to mess things up, scatter things about; 2 to unravel a mystery, disclose a secret; 3 to spend (money) foolishly; madhul-madhul or modhal-madhul unkempt, dishevelled; scattered about untidily.

adhum I shady, leafy. See édhum, éyub.

II adhum-adhuman to discuss (esp private matters), to talk secretly to each other.

adi I fine, beautiful; - aèng valuable and rare; - endah splendid; - luhung highly valued quality;

ngadi to beautify o.s.; -

busana to beautify one's dress; ­sarira to beautify one's appearance;

ngadi-adi to make s.t. beautiful, value highly, adorn;

adèn-adèn s.t. valued highly;

ngadèn-adèni 1 to value highly; 2 to take solicitous care of, to pamper affectionately. See also èdi.

II ngadi-adi to demand s.o.'s attention;

ngadèn-adèni to spoil.

adigang (to make) an arrogant display of one's superior power.

adiguna (to make) an arrogant display of one's superior knowledge.

adigung (to make) an arrogant display of one's superior status.

adil just, impartial, equitable; - paramarta righteous and noble; Ratu - the just king, legendary figure (see ratu);

ngadili 1 to judge; 2 to put s.o. on trial, bring to justice;

pangadilan law court.

adilaga lit battle, war.

adiningrat 'the best in the world': honorific used after the city names Surakarta and Yogyakarta (sites of royal courts). Also hadiningrat.

adipati 1 king, regent, ruler, sovereign; 2 title used by princes;

kadipatèn residence of the Crown Prince;

pangéran adipati anom Crown Prince, prince royal (see pangéran).

adiraga, ngadiraga lit to beautify one's appearance.

adoh ng, tebih kr far, distant; sedulur ­distantly related family (see also sadulur, dulur);

ngadoh or ngedoh 1 to move away; 2 to be at a distance;

ngedohi to keep at a distance from, to move away from; ngedohake to put at a distance;

kadohan 1 afar, the distance; 2 (or kadohen) excessively far;

adoh cedhaké comparative distance;

adoh ngaluk-aluk or adoh nyamutnyamut or adoh nglangut far off, at a great distance.

See also doh.

adol ng, sadé kr 1 to sell; 2 var of dodol to sell for a living; - adab to persuade s.o. to buy s.t. which one can not deliver; - ayu/bagus to show off one's good looks; - awak or - gembès to engage in prostitution; - bau to offer one's services for hire; - bokong to get paid for occupying s.o.'s seat as a way of holding it in a bus or train; - gadhe or - sendhe to sell a ricefield temporarily; - gawe to hire o.self out; - gendhung to boast; - karya to serve for pay; - sanggup to make empty promises. - sengung boastful; - supata to disavow with an oath; - swara 1 to show off one's singing; 2 to cheat people by lying; tuwa to sell one's ripened rice before it is harvested; ­ umuk to boast; - taunan to hire out land for a long period; ngadol or ngedol to sell; ngedoli ng nyadèni kr 1 to serve customers; 2 to sell many objects; ngadolaké or ngedolaké ng nyadèkaken kr to sell s.t. on behalf of s.o. else; madolake attractive to buy; kulak warta adol prungon see kulak;

adol awèh tuku arep trading idiom, to agree on a price. See also dol, dodol.

adreng strong, firm, eager.

adres lit hard, heavy (var of deres).

adri lit mountain.

adu ng, aben kr 1 in contact, in confrontation - arep face to face; - cukit tepung taritis lit 'matching of roofs', very crowded (of houses); - geger back to back; - manis 1 to take account of other's feelings in a friendly manner; 2 to engage in social niceties; - sèrèt 1 (of floor tiles etc) fitted together checkerboard style; 2 (of stripes) to set in a zigzag herringbone pattern; 2 to compete; - jago ng, aben sawung kr, 1 cockfighting; 2 fig competition among candidates; - karosan to have a confrontation of strength; - kasektèn to compete in magic power; - kumba to knock together the heads of the combatants; - sungut 'to link feelers', a clash, conflict; to clash; - swara 1 quarrels; 2 song contest; ngadoni 1 to confront, face up to; - perang to go to war; 2 to mix, combine with; ­ jamu to mix medicine; ngadon-adoni to incite, instigate; adon 1 contestant; jago - fighting cock (see also jago); 2 ingredient: - tamba watuk cough medicine ingredient; adonan mixture.

adul, adul-adul to tell tales;

ngaduli or ngadul-aduli to tell s.o. bad things about s.o. else;

ngadulaké to tell tales about s.o. to s.o. else;

adul-adulen to tell tales habitually;

pangadul-adul tale-telling. See also wadul.

adus ng, kr siram k.i. to take a bath; ­ getih bleeding from wounds all over the body; - kringet fig to do physical labour; - grujug to bathe by pouring water over the head with a dipper; ­ kramas to bathe and wash hair before a ritual activity; - kungkum to take a tub bath; - nipas ritual bath 40 days after giving birth; - sibin to take a quick bath by using a small wet towel; - wuwung to bathe over the head;

padusan ng, kr pasiraman k.i. 1 bathing-place; 2 the day before the beginning of the Fasting Month when people cleanse themselves ritually. See also dus.

adzan var of adan.

aé just, only (reg var of bae, wae).

aem to eat (chld, var of maem).

aèn, ngaèn bound to happen, beyond any doubt;

ngaènaké or ngaèkaké to prov e s.t. is real.

aèng strange, peculiar, out of the ordinary;

ngaèngaké to regard s.t. as strange;

ngaèng-aèngi to behave in an odd or unusual way.

aes make up, dress (var of paès);

ngaèsi reg to make up s.o., dress s.o.

agag, agag-agag to brandish a weapon; ngagag-agagi to threaten s.o. by brandishing or pointing a weapon;

magag uncertain, reluctant.

agahan eager.

agama ng, agami kr religion, sacred or spiritual tradition; - Hindhu Hinduism; - Katolik Catholicism;

agama ageming aji the spiritual tradition adhered to by kings.

agar I ngagar to rub; - geni to make fire by rubbing wood;

agaran 1 wooden tools for making fire; 2 way of rubbing;

agar-agar a threat, deterrent.

II ngagari or ngagar-agari to threaten s.o. by pointing a weapon; ngagaragaraké to point a weapon to threaten s.o.

agé ng, énggal kr quick, right away; agé-agé in a rush, hurried. See also gé.

agèh I reg come on!

II diagehi reg to get a portion, share. See also bagé.

agek coll for lagi.

agel 1 fibre taken from the upper part of a palm; 2 rope woven from this material.

agem I bundle of newly harvested rice.

II to use (root form k.i. for anggo).

ageng large, big, great (kr for gedhé).

agep will, shall reg var of arep.

ager or ager-ager 1 a kind of seaweed; 2 a kind of food made from seaweed.

agi coll for lagi.

agik, ogak-agik var of oglak-aglik unstable, wobbly (of teeth, table legs etc).

agil, ogal-agil to teeter, sway precariously.

agir, ngagir to lie flat on one's stomach with lifted head;

ngagiri to lie flat on s.t.

agla, ngagla (to return) empty-handed.

aglag, ngaglag-aglag cr to eat.

aglah, ngaglah 1 to block the way by standing with legs wide apart (rudely); 2 clear, obvious.

aglar lit spread out. See also gelar.

aglèg, oglag-aglèg reg var of aglig.

aglig, oglag-aglig unstable, wobbly;

moglag-maglig (coming) loose.

aglik, ngaglik to teeter on the edge in a high place.

aglis speedy, quick (lit var of gelis).

agni 1 lit fire; 2 the name of the God of Fire.

agnya 1 order; 2 gram imperative.

agol, ngagol-agoli to cause s.o. to stop doing s.t. See also kagol.

agop, tan agop lit without a break; ceaselessly.

agor deep and hoarse (of voice); ngagor-agori to break (of voice).

agra lit top, peak, point.

agrang, ngagrang var of nganggrang 1 leaning against s.t.; 2 left unfinished; ngagrangaké 1 to lean s.t. against s.t.; 2 to leave s.t. unfinished.

agrèh, ngograh-agreh to disturb, irritate.

agrèk, ngograk-agrek to prod with a stick.

agreng thick and dark. See greng.

agring lit sick, ill.

agro, ngagro-agro or ngagru-agru to pester, bother, disturb.

agrong I steep, precipitous, jurang - a steep chasm.

II see magrong.

agru var of agro.

aguk reg to put on airs.

agul, agul-agul 1 bulwark; 2 champion.

agung 1 lit high, exalted, great, large; 2 to be high, full (of water level, also megung).

agus var of bagus: used as a male name.

Ahad or Ngahad Sunday.

ahyun lit to want, desire.

ai reg excl of incredulity or deprecation.

aib var of gaib.

ail weary (of the mouth).

ain var of aèn.

aing I but (reg coll of nanging).

II reg I, me.

ait, ngait 1 to pull, jerk; 2 to put away, put aside. See also sait.

aja ng sampun kr don't; - dhisik not now, not too soon; - dumèh var of - dupeh don't show off; - kongsi (var of ­ nganti) don't let it happen that; ­ manèh (sampun malih kr), let alone, much less; - nganti 1 don't let it happen that; 2 (to tell s.o.) not to; 3 (in order) not to, so that not; ­pisan-pisan don't by any means; - olèh (coll: - éntuk) don't allow; - silih (var of- manèh); - sok don't ever; - ta (reg aja si) please don't. - manèh-manèh never again; - tan ora don't fail to;

ajaa if it were not for the fact that.

ajab, ngajab to hope, wish;

ngajabi to wish for;

ngajab-ajab to hope (for), look forward to, anticipate;

pangajab hope, anticipation.

ajag I or asu ajag jackal, hunting-dog;

ngajagi to hunt (of people or animal) by using a dog.

II ngajag to intersperse;

ngajagi to plant (an area) with additional plants;

ajagan plants planted between others.

ajah, ngajahi to train (animals);

ngajahake to have trained;

ajahan a trained animal.

ajaib or ngajaib astonishing, amazing; marvellous, miraculous.

ajak, ajak-ajak or ngajak to ask s.o. to come along, join one;

ngajaki to ask others to join one;

ajakan invitation, a suggestion to join in s.o.'s activity;

ajak-ajakan to ask each other to join in an activity;

pangajak act of inviting. See also jak.

ajal I coll var of jajal to try to do;

ajalé excl try!;

ajal-ajal to try to do s.t.

II 1 origin, source; 2 limit, boundary, dividing-line; - kamulan origin, beginning;

ngajali 1 to form a boundary, dividing-line for; 2 to set a time limit (on);

ngajal ulihan (pulihan, mulihan) to return to where one came from.

III (or ngajal) to pass away.

ajan I a call to prayer; to recite the call to prayer (var of adan, azan).

II ngajani to urge or persuade s.o. to do wrong;

pangajan persuasion, urging;

kèlu ing pangajan to go along with an evil urging.

ajang 1 (ambeng k.i.) a dish from which food is eaten; 2 site of an activity;

ngajangi 1 to dish up s.o.'s food; 2 to organise, hold an activity; 3 to serve as a place for; 4 line of work;

ajangan 1 (ambengan k.i.) a serving of food; 2 site of an activity.

ajap see ajab.

ajar I to learn, exercise, receive training; - kenal to make one's acquaintance; - mlaku to exercise walking; 2 teacher of spiritual knowledge; ki - adr teacher; kurang - 1 impolite, rude; 2 (or kurang asem) excl of dislike, see also kurang;

ajar-ajar to start to learn, to try to make s.t.;

ngajar 1 to teach, train; 2 to punish;

ngajari to teach s.o. to (do);

ngajar-ajari to try to teach s.o. to do wrong;

ngajaraké to teach a subject;

ajaran 1 teaching, a lesson; 2 in the learning stage;

ajar-ajaran 1 teaching(s), act of teaching; 2 to teach each other;

pangajaran instruction, training, education.

II section of a citrus fruit;

ngajari to divide (citrus fruit) into sections;

ajaran s.t. divided into sections (of citrus fruit).

ajat 1 a need; 2 (or kajat) religious offering or sacrifice; 3 extra Islamic prayer said at midnight; 4 public prayer meeting;

ngajati to wish for, plan, intend;

ngajataké to wish for (an objective). See also kajat.

ajeg constant, steady, fixed, regular;

ngajegi to do steadily or as a regular practice;

ngajegaké to have/make s.o. do steadily; to accustom s.o. to (doing s.t.);

ajeg-ajegan constantly, frequently;

pangajeg consistency (of law).

ajèr to melt, dissolve; fig to relent;

ngajèri to melt, dissolve s.t.;

ngajèraké to melt for s.o.; to have s.t. melted;

pangajèran 1 act of melting; 2 place of melting.

See also jer.

ajeng I facing (root form: kr for adhep).

II progress, forward movement (root form: kr for aju).

III front (root form for arep).

IV will, want (md for arep).

V younger female. See also jeng.

aji I ng, aos kr value, worth; - pumpung or - mumpung opportunistic, to take the opportunity to enjoy o.s.;

ngajèni 1 to respect, honour; 2 to value;

ngaji-aji to esteem or value highly;

ajèn-ingajènan to respect each other;

pangaji or pengaji at the price of; to the amount of.

II king.

III or aji-aji magic formula, amulet.

IV var of kaji II;

ngaji ng, ngaos kr to recite the Quran;

ngajèkaké 1 to send s.o. to study and recite the Quran; 2 to recite the Quran for others.

ajrih fear, afraid, scared; awe, respect (kr for wedi); - asih respectful and devoted;

ngajrih-ajrihi 1 fearsome; 2 to threaten s.o. (kr for ngeden-deni).

aju ng, ajeng kr forward movement; ­ undur vicissitudes, ups and downs;

ngajoni 1 to approach s.o. by moving forward; 2 to take part in;

ngajokaké 1 to put forward; to (cause to) move forward; submit; 2 to remand;

maju 1 to go forward, advance; 2 to face, confront; to go to war. See also maju.

ajug, ajug-ajug 1 tray or pedestal for an oil lamp; 2 reg handle of a harrow.

ajun or ajung assistant; - jeksa deputy of a prosecutor.

ajur 1 severely damaged, crushed; 2 to dissolve, disintegrate, digest; - kumurkumur wrecked; - luluh 1 dissolved; 2 smashed; - memet completely crushed; - mumur pulverised.

Akad Sunday. See also Ahad, Ngahad.

akal idea, scheme, thought; akal-akal to have a foolish idea, to try a trick;

ngakal to find (a solution);

ngakali 1 to deceive; 2 to take advantage of s.o., cheat s.o.;

ngakal-akali to cheat others again and again;

akal-akalan manipulation, machination;

kalah okol menang akal prov 'the brain is mightier than the bone'.

akas hard and dry, crusty.

akasa lit the sky, the heavens.

akèh ng, kathah kr much, many, plenty;

ngakèhi to make s.t. more;

ngakèhi-ngakèhi to cause to be too much;

kakèhan (or kakèhen) too much; excessively much/many; - cangkem 1 (to engage in) too much talk (and too little action); 2 (to do) too much grumbling;

akèh-akèhan to compare or compete for most;

akèh-akéhé or kèh-kèhé at most.

aken to tell s.o. to do s.t. (kr for akon).

akep, ngakep to hold between the lips; ­pipa to smoke a pipe.

akèrat the hereafter, the next life; donya - eternal (see also donya).

akik agate; akik-akikan 1 all kinds of agate; 2 imitation agate.

akil-balèg of age, adult (in Islam, able to undertake religious duties).

aking 1 dry (kr for garing); 2 ng, kr, to dry out; sega - dried rice (see also sega).

akir the end; - taun the end of the year;

akir-akir lately, recently;

ngakiri to end, close;

akir(-akir)é finally.

akon to tell s.o. to do s.t.;

akon-akon to hand out orders (to many);

ngakon to order, have s.o. do s.t.

akrab close relatives; intimate, chummy;

ngakrabi to be close to;

ngakrabake to bring close, strengthen (friendships etc).

aksama or pangaksama lit forgiveness, pardon; nyuwun - to ask forgiveness (see also suwun).

aksami var of aksama.

aksara 1 letter of an alphabet; 2 written character; - gedrik printed characters; - murda capital (Javanese) letters; ­ rékan Javanese characters to accommodate foreign sounds; - swara vowel letters.

aksi lit eye (var of èksi).

aku 1 ng, kula kr, dalem k.i. I, me; ­kowé we, us; - kabèh all of us;

ngaku ng, ngaken kr 1 to adopt s.o. as a member of the family; 2 to acknowledge, admit, confess;

ngakoni to admit;

diakokaké 1 to pass s.o. off as a relative; 2 to say that s.t. belongs to s.o. when it doesn't;

ngaku-aku to claim falsely;

pangakuan dosa confession (Roman Catholic);

wong kaya aku kowé people like us.

akur harmonious, congenial, agreeable;

ngakuraké 1 to synchronise (of watch, scale); 2 to appease, bring about peace;

akuran 1 mutually agreed; 2 to compromise; 2 verification, collation.

ala ng, awon kr, èlèk coll, bad, evil, nasty, ugly; - atine bad character; - becik quality; - meneng or - nganggur to pass the time in a better way than doing nothing; - duluné indecent, improper; ­

tanpa rupa unattractive looking;

ala-ala bad though one may be;

ngala-ala to sully s.o.'s name, to speak ill of s.o. behind their back;

ngalani to do bad things to s.o.; to bring harm to; to make s.o. bad;

ngalan-alani to make s.t. bad;

ngalakaké 1 to make s.t. or s.o. look bad; 2 to treat as bad;

ingalan lit to be treated badly;

alané 1 what is bad; 2 rather than;

ala-alané (or alané ala) worst of all;

alan-alan scapegoat;

alan-alanan ng, awon-awonan kr, 1 of inferior quality; 2 to do bad things to each other;

saala-alané as bad as possible;

piala evil, wickedness, felony, mis­deed, crime;

miala or mialani to bring harm to;

pangala-ala evil talk;

ala belo becik jaran prov a bad child of good parents;

becik ketitik ala ketara prov good deeds will make themselves known and evil will out.

alab, ngalabi to inundate.

mangalab-alab lit to overflow. See also lèb, elèb; leb, eleb.

alad flame;

ngalad-alad or malad-malad (lit mangalad -alad) to flare up, fig to burn with desire.

alah excl of disbelief, - déné in vain; - ora reluctant, half-hearted.

alal behalal or alal bihalal or halal bihalal 1 to ask and give forgiveness at the end of the Fasting Month; 2 a gathering of a social group (workers at same office, people of same ethnic origin etc) soon after the Fasting Month for such a purpose. See also halal.

alam 1 world, universe; - akir the next world, life after death; - arwah world of ancestral spirits; - donya world, universe; - kabir world of mortals; ­ sahir the eternal world; - saisine the universe and all its contents; ngelmu ­physics (see also ngelmu); ora ­unnatural, out of the ordinary; 2 era; ­ modheren modern era;

ngalami to experience;

alam-alaman 1 period; 2 role-playing;

pengalaman an experience; to have experiences; wallahu'alam. God knows best; I don't know. Also ngalam.

alamat I address of a letter, of one's residence;

ngalamati to write an address on;

ngalamataké to address (a letter) for

s.o. Also ngalamat.

II sign of a coming event, portent; to omen, indicate;

ngalamati or ngalamataké 1 to symbolise; 2 to portend, indicate.

alang I crosswise dimension; -ujur 1 dimensions (length and width); 2 location, position; 3 the real facts;

ngalangi 1 (or ngalang-alangi), mambengi kr to impede, obstruct; 2 to break payment (of installment);

ngalangaké to place s.t. crosswise or in such a way as to be an obstacle;

malang in a crosswise position; fig unlucky; - mégung crisscross; - mujur lengthways and crossways;

kalangan (or kalang-kalangan) blocked, impeded; to run into obstacles;

alangan 1 hindrance, obstacle; 2 accidental damage, mishap;

alang-alangan to obstruct each other.

alang-alang tall coarse grass;

alang-alangan a place where such grass grows in abundance.

alap, ngalap 1 to take, put to use, take advantage of; 2 to seek possession of; ­ ati to entice, charm s.o.; - berkah to seek s.o.'s blessing; - dho 1 to take two masters; 2 married to two women; ­ gawé to look for a job as a blue-collar worker; - menang to gain victory, strive for victory; - nyaur 1 to sell (merchandise) on consignment; 2 pale and wan from malnutrition; - opah to earn a wage; - putih to want revenge; - reruba or - besel to be open to bribes; kalap taken by spirits (in a river, ocean or forest); alap-ingalap to cross-marry;

alap-alapan way struggle to get possession of a princess;

pangalapan a haunted place.

alap-alap a variety of hawk.

alas I ng, wana kr 1 forest; 2 reg fields, area outside the village; - greng dense jungle; - gung liwang-liwung extensive and dense jungle;

asu - or asu ajag jackal, wild dog (see also asu); ayam ­jungle fowl (see also ayam); - alas 1 an evil spirit of the forest; 2 term of abuse (see also sétan);

ngalasaké 1 to exile s.o. into the jungle; 2 to allow (land) to revert to jungle;

alasan 1 wild; 2 uncultivated; lemah ­uncultivated land (see also lemah); wong - forest dweller, aboriginal people living in the forest (see also wong);

alas-alasan 1 replica of a forest; 2 dramatic forest scene of a (wayang) play;

pangalasan former official in forest affairs;

ngayam alas to wander around in the forest (like a jungle fowl).

II alasan or alesan reason, excuse.

alat var of walat suffering caused by a holy person as punishment. See also walat.

aldaka lit mountain.

aleb I or alep very beautiful, fine.

II ngalebi to flood s.t., inundate. kaleban or keleban to get flooded, inundated. See also leb.

alem praise, compliment;

ngalem or ngelem to praise;

aleman 1 to ask for affection; 2 to be attached;

pangalem high praise;

pangaleman a public figure of great stature;

golek alem to seek s.o.'s praise or sympathy. See also lem.

alembana praise, compliment; ngalembana to praise.

alèn-alèn imitation ring, small ring, toy ring. See also ali-ali.

aleng preferable (coll of aluwung).

alep very beautiful, fine. See aleb.

alès lit to go away.

alesan reason (var of alasan).

ali-ali ng, sesupe kr, k.i., finger-ring;

ngalèn-alèni to put a ring on s.t.;

alèn-alèn imitation ring, small ring, toy ring.

alih, ngalih ng, pindhah kr 1 to move, change residence; 2 to change (places);

lintang - a shooting star;

ngolah-ngalih to keep moving around;

alihan or ngalihan to have a tendency to move (house, job).

alik, I ngolak-alik to turn s.t. repeatedly.

II ngalik-alik (var of galik-galik) high-pitched and melodious. See also galik.

III alika reg preferable.

alim 1 pious, religious, well-behaved, peace-loving; 2 forgiveness; 3 learned (of poets, scholars etc);

ngalimi to behave like a pious person;

aliman 1 forgiveness; 2 forgive me (for not giving anything: said when refusing a beggar);

kaliman or nyuwun alim (ngalim) lit forgive me;

paliman forgiveness;

pasang aliman tabe lit forgive me (a greeting).

aling, aling-aling cover, concealment, protective shield;

ngalingi to conceal;

ngaling-alingi to cover up with a concealment;

kalingan or kaling-kalingan shielded by, covered by;

aling-alingan shielded, concealed from view; - katon to reveal s.t. inadvertently;

tanpa tèdhèng aling-aling unprotected, uncovered, fig to say straight out.

alis ng, kr, imba k.i. eyebrows; saalis a hair's breadth.

alit small, tiny (kr.for cilik);

kalitan (or dalem kalitan) residence of the youngest son of the king of Surakarta.

aliyas also known as.

Allah God (term used by both Muslims and Christians);

Allahu akbar 'God is the greatest', God Almighty;

Allahu tangala God the most high; ka-Allahan Godlike;

kersaning Allah God's will;

wallahu alam God knows (see also alam);

ya Allah ya robbi excl of surprise; oh, my God!

almarhum the late, the deceased.

alok 1 a yell, shout; 2 to call out, cheer; - kélangan to call out as a result of losing s.t. See also lok.

alon slow, soft;

alon-alon slowly, softly, cautiously;

alon-alonan or lon-lonan slowly, at a leisurely pace;

alon-alon waton kelakon prov 'slow and steady wins the race'.

along preferable (coll var of aluwung).

alu pestle for pounding things in a mortar;

ceblok alu fig to take turns at working;

nyagak alu prov unreliable talk.

alualah I ngalualah 1 to wail; 2 to ask for help.

II ngalualah to leave it, do nothing about it.

aluamah, see ngaluamah.

alub, ngalub 1 to bark (of dog), regarded as a sign of s.t. unfortunate; 2 to bring about s.t. unfortunate by mentioning it; 3 to express a feeling of desperation.

aluk, ngaluk-aluk very far away.

alum 1 withered, limp, drooping (of leaf, plant etc); 2 fig faint, languid; 3 in the process of healing (of wound);

ngalumaké to cause to droop.

alun wave;

ngalun to undulate.

alun-alun broad grassy square in front of a palace or regent's residence.

alur kinship relation;

aluran 1 relationship in kinship system; 2 traces (of events, trail or track on the ground).

alus 1 fine, smooth; 2 incorporeal, invisible; 3 refined; - budine (or bebudèné) refined character;

ngalusi to treat courteously;

ngalusaké to refine s.t.; to make smooth;

alusan fine type of male classical dance, of fine quality (of batik, fabric etc)

aluwung preferable. Also luwung.

ama insect pest, plant disease, fig public nuisance; - menthèk rice-plant disease.

amad female servant at the court; - dalem one in service at a royal grave.

amah, ngamah-amah 1 very angry; 2 to be passionate, desirous;

ngamah-amah mangsa daging to be desirous of devouring meat.

amal good deed, charity, charitable donation; - kadonyan worldly goods donated for charitable purposes; ­ karun hidden (buried) treasure;

ngamal to give to charity;

ngamali to give to (a charitable cause);

ngamalaké to put into practice, apply

aman safe, secure;

ngamanake to protect from threatened danger.

amat I var of amad.

II ngamati or ngamat-amati to watch over, keep a sharp eye on;

ngamataké to keep track of, examine.

amanat 1 an entrusted task; 2 a speech conveying a message to people.

amarga ng because (var of marga).

amargi kr because (var of margi).

amba I, ng wiyar kr 1 wide, broad, spacious; 2 width, breadth; - ciyut width;

ngambani to (do) on a wide scale;

ngambakaké to widen s.t.;

kamban or kekamban too wide;

saambané the same size as.

II (pron as: am-ba) lit 1 servant; 2 I, me.

ambah, ambah-ambah an epidemic; ngambah 1 to traverse; - gegana to fly through the air; 2 to get involved in; ngambahaké to let a baby's feet touch the ground;

kambah to get traversed (by);

ambah-ambahan 1 act of traversing; 2 place frequently traversed; 3 an epidemic (var of ambah-ambah).

ambak I or ambak-ambak, ambakna, ambakne, ambaknea even though.

II or ambak ambing of course, I know.

III ambakna or ambak-ambakane(a), ambakpuna how come, it's ridiculous that...

ambal I 1 one stair in a flight;

ambal-ambalan a flight of stairs.

II (number of) times; - pindho twice;

ngambali to repeat, to do again;

ambal-ambalan to do repeatedly;

surak - to cheer again and again;

mangambal-ambal lit to do again and again.

ambar fragrance;

ngambar 1 to give off fragrance; 2 fig famous, renowned;

ngambar-ambar to give off fragrance everywhere.

ambara lit sky;

ngambara 1 to fly through the sky; 2 to wander around.

ambaro breakwater in a harbour.

ambawang reg a young mango.

ambeg, ambegan 1 breath, breathing; to breath; 2 fig to relax.

ambèk 1 character, (having) a character trait; - adil paramarta (having) a just and noble character; - darma helpful character; - siya (having) cruel treatment to others; - sura or - wani (having) a bold character; - welas (having) a compassionate character; ­ pati (having) contempt for death; 2 assumption, opinion, feeling (var of anggep); 3 conceited, arrogant;

ngambeki 1 to act snobbishly; 2 to snub s.o.;

pambekan 1 character, temperament; 2 reg conceited, snobbish.

ambèk and, with (reg var of karo).

amben I 1 belly-band for a horse; 2 woman's sash.

II every time (coll var of saben).

amben low wooden or bamboo bench for sitting or sleeping on;

ambèn-ambènan bamboo coffin.

ambeng I 1 (or ambengan) rice and various foods in dishes or in a bamboo tray as a ritual meal; 2 dish, plate (k.i. for piling).

II ambengan to sit around while guarding.

ambeng-ambeng reg jungle grass (kr for alang-alang).

ambèr to overflow.

ambet smell, odour (kr for ambu);

ambetan durian fruit (kr for duren).

ambi or ambik (together) with, and (reg var of karo).

ambil, ngambil lit to take, get, pick up;

ngambil-ambil to try to win over or to reconcile;

ngombal-ambil reg to rake up the past.

amblas lost, gone, vanished.

ambleg 1 to give way, collapse; 2 bankrupt.

ambles 1 to sink below the surface; ­ bumi to enter into the earth; 2 recessed, set in (ward).

amblong to give way cave in.

ambo, ngambo to hoist; - layar to hoist sail.

ambok I var of mbok.

II ambokna even though (var of ambakna).

ambon ng, ambetan kr nickname for the (strong smelling) durian fruit;

ambon-ambon (ambet-ambetan kr) odour. See ambu.

ambra, ngambra-ambra 1 widespread, commonplace; 2 to scatter, strew; 3 to digress; 4 (of talk) desultory.

ambrah, ngambrah widespread, common, popular.

ambral var of

amral admiral.

ambreg I to collapse;

ngambregaké to cause s.t. to collapse.

II ngambreg or ngambreg-ambreg to pile up, accumulate;

ambreg-ambregan heaped untidily.

ambrih reg var of amrih.

ambrik var of amrik.

ambril var of amril.

ambring reg very quiet.

ambrol to give way, collapse; ngambrolaké to cause s.t. to collapse.

ambruk to fall down, come down, collapse;

ngambruk to lie down;

ngambruki or ngembruki to fall on(to);

ngambrukake to cause s.t. to collapse. See bruk.

ambrung I lit buzzing or humming sound.

II reg var of ambyuk.

ambu ng, ambet kr odour;

ngambu to smell;

ngamboni to offer s.t. for smelling;

ngambokaké to cause s.o. to smell;

kambon to get a whiff of, get touched lightly by; - getih to get touched by the smell of blood;

pangambu sense of smell;

mambu 1 to have an odour; 2 to perceive an odour; 3 to spoil, spoiled; 4 (of news) out of date, stale; - ati one who has been loved; - getih 1 (a weapon that) has been used for killing people; 2 to want to kill s.o.; - ilu to have learned one's lesson;

- kulit daging a relative, one's flesh and blood;

mambu-mambu a relative, distantly related; ora mambu bocah (of a child) old beyond one's years;

ora mambu énthong irus or ora mambu sega jangan not a blood relation;

ora mambu wong Jawa (a Javanese who) lacks the essential Javaneseness;

ora mambu wong lanang 1 unmanly; a female virgin;

ora mambu wong wadon I unwomanly; 2 a male virgin;

kaselak mambu angin (of food) on the verge of losing its taste, fig on the verge of losing a good chance.

ambuda lit cloud.

ambul reg irresponsible, unmannerly.

ambulung reg a palm tree.

ambung ng, kr, aras k. i. a kiss;

ngambung ng, kr, ngaras k.i. to kiss;

-dhengkul to kiss the knee, fig to show esteem and humility toward s.o.;

ngambungi to kiss s.o. repeatedly;

ngambungaké to have s.t. kiss s.o.;

ambung-ambungan to kiss each other.

ambur reg var of ambus.

ambus, ngambus to sniff;

ngambus-ambus to sniff continuously;

ngambusi to sniff repeatedly.

ambyah, ngambyah or ngambyahambyah commonplace, abundant, affluent.

ambyak, ambyak-ambyakan to disperse.

ambyang I reg dry grass for kindling. II ngambyang-ambyang to wander everywhere restlessly.

ambyar to fall to pieces, burst into fragments.

ambyog, ngambyog or ngambyug to move in with s.o. temporarily; to stay at s.o.'s home.

ambyong, ngambyong reg to assemble together.

ambyuk to flock, move in a swarm. See also byuk.

ambyur 1 to plunge, splash, jump into water; 2 fig to plunge into activities. ngambyuri to jump into water;

ambyur-ambyuran to jump into water repeatedly (for fun).

ame I reg to dry out. See pé II mé.

II ngamé to rave, be delirious;

ngamèkaké to talk about s.t. or s.o. while sleeping or delirious.

amek ng, mendhet kr to go and get, pick (up); - iwak fishing;

ngamèk to pick up;

ngamèkaké to pick s.t. up for s.o. else. See also mèmèk.

amel, ngamel very fond of (food);

ngamel-amel to eat s.t. again and again.

amem taciturn, close-mouthed.

amèn I coll always, constantly.

II or ngamèn or amèn-amèn to perform (a show) publicly.

ameng I only (reg var of amung, mung).

II to have a foul odour.

III or amèng-amèng to engage in recreation (k.i. for dolan-dolan);

ameng-amengan pastime, source of amusement, hobby

amèr, omar-amèr mushy, beginning to go off (cooked rice).

amet measuring unit for rice plants: 25 bunches or ca 154 kg.

amik I to get (reg var of amèk).

II only (reg var of amung, mung).

amin amen;

amin-amin religious ceremony at which food blessed by a religious man is served;

ngamini 1 to say amen frequently during a prayer; 2 to approve of, concur with.

aming only (coll var of mung).

amis to smell fishy;

ngamis-amisi to make s.t. smell or taste fishy;

amis bacin fishy and rotten, fig difficulties, troubles.

amit 1 to ask permission to leave; 2 (or amit-amit) I beg your pardon; - sewu excuse me;

amit-amit excl God forbid!

amlang lit bright, shining, gleaming.

amlas, amlas asih lit inspiring pity (see also welas I);

sambat amlas asih to wail pitifully (see also sambat).

amleng to go away without explanation.

amoh in rags, ragged, worn out: esp clothing;

ngamohaké to make s.t. ragged, wear out.

among 1 to take care of, handle, protect; - asmara to be in love with each other; - beksa an organisation that maintains Javanese classical dances; - geni reg to tend the fire (sit in front of the brazier); - karsa to follow one's own wishes; - raga or - slira to control o.s.; - tamu to receive (or those who receive) guests at a gathering; 2 to engage in, handle; - dagang businessmen, merchants; ­ tani peasants;

kaki - godfather; male good spirit that (protects human beings (see also kaki); nini - godmother; female good spirit that protects human beings (see also nini); pamong 1 public official; - desa village official; - praja civil servant; person in charge of a certain territory; 2 guardian; Sang Pamong Agung the Great Guardian, God.

amor 1 to mingle (with others); 2 mixed, combine with;

amor turu 1 to sleep in the same bed with; 2 to have sexual intercourse. See awor, wor, mor.

amot 1 to hold, accommodate; loaded with; 2 fig rich in forgiveness; patient and wise;

ngamot or ngemot 1 to contain, hold; 2 to be loaded with;

ngamotake to load s.t.;

kamot 1 to hold, accommodate; 2 to get contained;

pamotan 1 loading-place; 2 a load. See also momot, mot.

ampad I leaning, aslant.

II ngampad to whip, throw.

III ampadan the lowest leaf of a tobacco plant.

ampah I reg valley.

II ngampah to restrain, hold in check.

ampak, ampak-ampak mountain mist;

ngampak-ampak to form large groups like heavy clouds;

ampak-ampakan moving forward in large groups.

ampal beetle.

ampang 1 light (weight); 2 weak; tembako - light tobacco (see also tembako);

swara - light voice (see also swara);

ngampangaké 1 to cause to be light; 2 to belittle, disparage.

ampar I floor;

ngampar to sit or to sleep on a floor;

amparan 1 a mat to sit on; 2 a kind of chair (without back).

II or ngampar-ampar to hit; gelap - the lightning strikes (see also gelap II).

ampas 1 residue after the essence has been removed; - krambil shredded coconut from which the milk has been pressed; 2 pieces left in a pan after the broth has been finished.

ampeg 1 strong; tembako - strong tobacco (see also tembako); 2 oppressed, constricted (of breathing).

ampèk or sampèk reg until.

ampel, ngampeli to insert kindling for making a fire.

ampel a variety of bamboo. See pring.

amper, ngamper to throw at/to var of ngampar.

amperu or peru gall.

ampet, ngampet to restrain, check.

ampéyan (k.i. of selir) minor wife of aristocrat, royalty.

ampil, garwa - a wife other than the queen (k.i. for selir);

ngampil 1 to carry, bring, take (k.i. for nggawa); 2 to borrow (k.i. for nyilih);

ampilan royal insignia carried in procession in front of the ruler.

amping, amping-amping or ampingampingan to hide behind s.t.;

ngampingi or ngamping-ampingi 1 to guard s.o. at a side; 2 to flank, stand beside; 3 to block s.o. from view by standing in front of him/her;

amping-amping wong gedhé fig to engage an elite person as one's protector.

ampir I ngampiri to call for s.o., pick up s.o.;

ngampiraké to ask s.o. to drop in;

ampiran place for stopping.

mampir or kampir to stop off, drop in.

II ampir-ampir front porch.

amplèk a certain vest, sleeveless shirt;

ngamplèk (of clothing: esp shirt) too small.

amplik, amplik-amplik or ngamplik balanced precariously near the edge of s.t.

amplok, ngamplok to cling to s.o. with arms and legs.

amplop envelope;

ngamplopi to put into an envelope;

amplopan placed in an envelope.

ampo high-calcium baked clay tablet eaten esp by pregnant women;

ngampo 1 resembling such a tablet; 2 to make clay tablets.

ampoh I endowed with supernatural power (reg var of ampuh).

II to restrain (reg var of ampah).

ampok reg roofed verandah-like extension to a house.

ampok-ampok reg wearing only a loincloth.

ampuh I 1 to possess special (supernatural) power (weapon, words); 2 strong (coffee, tobacco, medicine).

II ampuhan a gale with mist and rain in the mountains.

ampun I don't (md for aja); - ngoten don't do that.

II to have (done) (reg md for wis).

amput, ngamput cr to copulate with (a female);

diamput excl darn! (mild disgust or displeasure);

dudu amput-amputé no match for; far below.

ampyak I, ngampyak to act blindly;

­awur-awur to act recklessly.

II ngampyaki to speak angrily to a group of people;

ampyak-ampyakan to walk together in throngs.

amral admiral.

amrèh reg var of amrih.

amrih so that, in order to. See also mrih, pamrih.

amrik fragrant, to give off an odour.

amril sandpaper;

ngamril to rub with sandpaper.

amring quiet. See maiming.

amud see amut.

amuk I blind attack;

mbarang - or soroh - to attack violently (see also soroh); ngamuk to attack blindly;

- punggung to attack blindly;

pangamuk or amukan act of raging;

amuk-amukan to fight each other vehemently;

ngamuk kaya bantheng ketaton to attack with great violence.

II or muk only (coll var of amung, mung).

III preferable (reg var of angur).

IV amuk-amuk reg (to eat) with the mouth stuffed, chewing on.

amun, amun-amun fog;

dadi endhog amun-amun fig totally smashed.

amung only (var of mung).

amut, ngamuti to hold in the mouth, suck on. See also mut.

ana ng, wonten kr 1 to exist; - temenan to really exist; 2 to have; 3 to be equal to; 4 there is; 5 (or - ing) at, in, on, to be/stay in;

nganani to create, establish, bring about;

nganakaké 1 to bring about, create; 2 to hold, organise, arrange, make; 3 to cause;

nganak-anakaké to go to a lot of bother fixing s.t;

anané the existence (of);

kaanan or kahanan conditions, circumstances, situation;

ana déné ng, wondéné or wondéning kr 1 now, while, and; 2 it so happens;

ana pisan it certainly exists;

anaa kae even if there were...

ana-ana wae 1 excl suggesting that words fail one; kok - there is always s.t.;

ana gula ana semut 'where there is sugar there are ants', prov people go where s.t. is to be had;

ana catur mungkur to disregard whisperings.

anacaraka see hanacaraka.

anak ng, kr, putra k.i. offspring; - angkat adopted child; - anung outstanding or adopted child; - bojo wife and child(ren); - jadah illegitimate child; ­ kumpeni soldier; - kuwalon stepchild; ­ lanang ng (-jaler kr, putra kakung hi.) son; - mas favourite child; - ontanganting an only child; - Pandhawa sibling combination consisting of 5 boys; - prabu title by which a king is addressed by his father (in law) or uncle; - pujan lit a child created magically; - pupon a child adopted in babyhood; - wadon ng (- estri kr, putra putri k.i.) daughter;

anak-anak (peputra k.i) to have children;

nganak to call s.o. (or regard s.o.) as one's own child; nganaki 1 to provide interest; 2 to father (an illegitimate child); 3 to provide for (one's children); 4 to produce a copy or imitation of;

nganakaké to give birth to; to be the parent (of); nganak-anakake to raise (a child) to adulthood;

manak to reproduce (of animals; cr of people);

anakan 1 the young of an animal; 2 doll; 3 small (of natural phenomena); 4 duplicate, copy; 5 drawer, section, compartment; gunung - hill; segara - small sea, bay;

anak-anakan doll, puppet; - timun cucumber used as a doll; adopted person who later marries the adoptive parent;

nak-kumanak to multiply, flourish (of people, animals, plants);

anak molah bapa kepradhah prov the father has got into trouble because of the son's attitude.

anal, nganal to walk fast, hasten.

anam, nganam to weave; - képang 1 to make woven bamboo; 2 resembling woven bamboo;

nganam-anam to weave in and out; fig to work out a plan, think over;

nganami to weave s.t. into (an article);

anaman woven; - klasa woven mat.

anapun lit it so happened.

anapi but, reg var of nanging.

ancab, ngancab to attack viciously.

ancak woven bamboo mat on which offerings to the spirits are placed.

ancal the flower of certain tuberous plants.

ancala lit mountain.

ancam, ngancam or ngancam-ancam to threaten verbally;

ancaman a threat;

ancam-ancaman to threaten each other; pangancam or pangancam-ancam threatening.

ancang, ngancangi or ngancang-ancangi to get set for doing s.t.; to be ready to do;

ancang-ancang to get ready.

ancar, ngancari to stab with a spear.

ancara var of acara.

ancas goal, ambition, ideal;

ngancas 1 to strive toward an ideal; 2 to take a short cut; 3 with a single stroke;

ngancasaké to direct s.t. at/toward;

ancasing sedya definite intention.

anceb sticking, stuck (into).

ancel, nganceli or ancel-ancelan cr to copulate with s.o.

ancer, ancer-ancer 1 mark(er); 2 the approximate location;

ngancer-anceri 1 to place a mark(er); 2 to give s.o. directions.

ancik, ngancik to reach; - diwasa to come of age;

ancik-ancik 1 to stand on s.t.; 2 or

ancikan s.t. stood on;

ancik-ancik pucuking eri prov in a critical situation, in a precarious position.

anco a long-handled net.

ancog, ancog-ancogen doubtful about; not quite sure what one wants.

ancok, ancok-ancok reg 1 a small hut (in a ricefield); 2 roofed verandah-like extension to a house.

ancol, ancol-ancolen lacking in good manners.

ancug I ngancug or ancug-ancug to walk with an ungainly gait (e.g. of a tall thin person).

II see ancuk.

ancuk cr to copulate with s.o.

ancul 1 var of ancug; 2 or anculan equipment for scaring birds away from ripening rice plants.

ancung a variety of children's game; rebut ancung to compete to obtain a goal;

mancung reg to climb in a tree.

ancur I (to get) broken, smashed; - lebur totally destroyed;

ancur-ancuran completely smashed.

II 1 material for making glue; 2 powdered glass melted into glue (for coating kite strings);

ngancur-ancuri 'to apply glue to'; 1 to follow s.o.'s wishes because of their flattery; 2 to inflame a quarrel to make it worse.

andak excl of disbelief - iya I don't believe it (var of apa iya).

andaka lit bull, wild ox.

andakara lit sun.

andam a variety of fern.

andana, andana warih lit noble;

trahing andana warih of noble descent.

andane reg, excl of surprise.

andang var of endang, énggal kr, quick, soon, immediate. See also dang II.

andaru or daru falling star bearing an omen.

andel 1 believer; 2 one who trusts;

ngandel to believe (in), trust; ngandeli or ngandelake 1 to rely on; 2 to trade on;

ngandelan gullible, over-trusting;

andel-andel 1 mainstay, one who can be depended upon; 2 trustworthy commander;

ngandel-andelaké or ngendel-endelaké to depend too heavily on (the wrong values);

kumandel to be convinced of;

piandel 1 belief, superstition; 2 s.t. or s.o. whom one can rely on.

ander upright roof-supporting beam in a house frame.

anderpati lit to be determined to die, ready to be killed (in battle).

andha ladder, ladderlike steps; - jagang or - jagrag stepladder with steps on both sides; - junjang latticed bamboo poles forming a trellis for vines; ­ lanang ladder consisting of a pole with rungs projecting on each side; ­ pengantèn or - mantèn stepladder; ­ widadari rainbow;

ngandhani to lean a ladder against;

andhan-andhan 1 a short flight of ladder like wooden steps; 2 drying rack of bamboo poles; 3 stairs, steps;

ngandhan-andhan falling in loose waves (of hair).

andhah, andhahan 1 subordinate, underling; 2 gram affixed; tembung - derived word, affixed form (see also tembung I); ngandhahi to subordinate, subjugate o.s. (to);

ngandhahaké to supervise (one's subordinates), be in charge.

andhap 1 below, under (root form: kr for isor); 2 short, low (kr for cendhék); 3 to descend (rootform: kr for dhun);

andhap asor humble, self-effacing.

andhapan wild boar (kr for cèlèng).

andhar, ngandharake to explain, tell;

ngandhar-andhar excessively long (of speech or writing);

andharan 1 speech, narration, account; 2 a long-winded account.

andhé, andhéné, andhé-andhéné or saandhéné reg if, supposing that.

andheg ng, endel kr act of stopping;

ngandheg 1 to stop s.t.; 2 to have no menstrual periods, pregnant (var of meteng); ngandhegi or ngendhegi 1 to stop s.o. or s.t. that is passing through; 2 to stop (in) at;

ngandhegaké or ngendhegaké to stop s.t;

mandheg ng, kèndel kr to come to a stop;

kandheg to get stopped. See also endheg I.

andhèk, andhèkané, andhèkna or andhèkné reg var of andhé;

andhèkpuna lit var of andhé.

andhel var of andel.

andhem I ngandhemi 1 to commit o.s. to; - tékad to stand by one's resolve; 2 to acknowledge freely.

II andheman indentation in an animal's chest (where the heart is).

andheng, andheng-andheng skin blemish, mole.

andhèr to gather, form a crowd.

andhih var of endhih.

andhil 1 a share of ownership; 2 scale for weighing opium. See ondhal-andhil.

andhok 1 to sit and eat in a foodshop; 2 (or ngandhok, mandhok) to stay (stop) s.w; ngandhokake to have s.o. stay s.w.

andhong I horse-drawn cab (four wheels, two horses); ngandhong 1 to ride in a cab, go by cab; 2 to transport passengers as one's job;

ngandhongaké 1 to use as a cab, or have it used for profit; 2 to have s.o. or s.t. carried by a cab.

II ngandhongi to change places with, replace, substitute for.

andhuk towel;

ngandhuki to dry s.o. with a towel;

andhukan to use a towel.

andik I lit severe, harsh; - angatirah severe and burning.

II reg somewhat, rather; - rene somewhat closer.

andika I lit you.

II ngandikani k.i. to tell s.o., say to;

ngandikakaké k.i. to state s.t.;

andikakaké, dikakaké k.i. to have received orders to. See also ngendika.

andir reg road worker (var of anjir).

andon to carry on, engage in; - asmara to engage in love; - jurit or - perang to fight a war; - gawe to go out for a job; - laku or - paran to travel; - lelana to wander, ramble; - tuwa older brother/sister-in-law;

ngandonake to have make s.o. (do) steadily.

andong a certain plant used to weave mat, hat, bag etc.

andrawina lit feast, banquet;

kembul bojana andrawina to dine together at a large dinner party.

ané how...! what...! (stressing the preceding word); édan - how crazy that is!

anéh strange, odd, peculiar;

nganèhaké 1 to regard s.t. as odd; 2 to cause s.t. to be strange;

nganèh-anèhi very much out of the ordinary;

anèh-anèh s.t. strange.

anéka lit variety; - warna of many kinds, multicoloured. Also maneka.

anèm young (kr for anom).

aneng, at, on, in (coll for ana ing). See nèng, ana.

angabèhi see ngabèhi.

angad var of ongod.

angah, angah-angah greedy, selfish;

ngangah-angah to be passionate, selfish.

angap an open mouth;

mangap open(ed) (of the mouth);

ngangapaké to open (one's, s.o.'s) mouth.

angas one who seems brave but actually is afraid;

ngangasi to bluff s.o.

angel hard, difficult;

ngangèli or ngangelake to make s.t. difficult;

ngangèl-angèl or ngengèl-engèl to complicate s.t.;

ngangèl-angèli or ngengèl-engèli to cause difficulties for s.o.;

kangèlan to have difficulties;

angèl-angèlan s.t. difficult, difficult things;

angèl-angèlé the most difficult. See also ngel.

angen, angen-angen thought, idea;

ngangen-angen 1 to keep thinking about s.o.; 2 to hope to meet s.o.;

kangen to long for, miss s.o.;

pangangen-angen thought, expectation.

angen to herd, tend (kr for angon).

anges reg var of angus.

anget 1 warm, hot, lukewarm; 2 feverish; 3 secure, safe; 4 more in weight;

ngangèti or ngangètaké to make warm;

manget-manget lukewarm;

anget-angetan s.t warm (of food, drink).

angga 1 lit body; 2 bundles of newly harvested rice.

angga-angga or anggang-anggang water-spider.

anggak reg boastful, conceited;

anggak-anggakan to show off, boast, brag.

anggal reg light (not heavy);

nganggalake to make light(er).

anggana lit 1 alone, by o.s.; 2 lit woman, girl.

anggang-anggang I water-spider (var of angga-angga).

II 1 with soft and slow, easy movements; 2 reg scarce, distantly spaced;

nganggang-anggang to treat s.t. cautiously.

anggaota or nggaota to earn for a living; panggaotan occupation, work, job.

anggar I the sport of fencing; nganggar to carry a sword or sharp weapon in a sheath or scabbard at the side;

anggaran sheath, scabbard.

II nganggar 1 to buy on credit; 2 to borrow (money) without security;

anggaran 1 a loan; 2 earmarked funds.

anggara lit Tuesday; - kasih alternative name for Selasa Kliwon.

anggé to use, wear (root form: kr for anggo).

anggé-anggé mole-cricket found in a ricefield.

anggel I anggelan or anggel-anggel small wooden dam used to control the flow of water in a ricefield; nganggeli to dam up, hold back.

II anggel-anggel reg s.t. saved for future use.

anggep opinion, assumption;

nganggep 1 to consider, regard as; 2 to pay attention;

anggep-anggepan to look down on (people, things); to consider s.t. or s.o. unworthy;

kanggep to be appreciated;

panganggep or pianggep opinion, thought, attitude.

angger I 1 each, every; 2 every (time, whenever);

angger-angger every time, always.

II 1 (or anggere) if, provided that; 2 (or anggere) to do s.t. for no good reason other than just doing it; 3 (or anggere) just be able to do the most important, basic thing and no more;

angger-angger rule, regulation;

ngangger-anggeri to apply rules (to); to furnish regulations (for).

anggér adr young man.

anggi, anggi-anggi a certain medicinal herb.

anggit thought, creation, idea;

nganggit 1 to arrange (flowers); 2 to invent, think up; 3 to compose, write (literary works);

anggitan 1 composition, invention; 2 quick to catch on, smart;

nganggitaké to compose for s.o.

angglong 1 reduced to a small amount (of the contents of a container); 2 dis appointed and grieving.