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The President's Commission reconvened at 2 p.m.

The Chairman. The Commission will be in order. Mr. Rankin, you may continue.

Mr. Rankin. Mr. Chairman, I understand that Mrs. Oswald has examined a considerable volume of correspondence during the recess. In order to be helpful, she has identified it, and she is able to tell, through her counsel, by a number for each exhibit, who the letter was to or from as the case may be.

And, after I offer the exhibits, or as part of the offer, I will ask Mr. Thorne if he will tell the description of the recipient and the writer of the letter in the various cases. These exhibits are Exhibits 30 through 65, inclusive.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit No. 30 is a telegram from a former fiance's mother.

Exhibit No. 31 is a letter from her friend who studied with her, by the name of Ella Soboleva.

Exhibit No. 32 is a letter from the Ziger family, who are friends.

Exhibit No. 33 is another letter from Alexander Ziger. A friend of the family's.

Exhibit No. 34 is a letter concerning departure to the United States by Marina and her husband. She doesn't know who sent the letter or who received it. It is merely some material that she has.

Exhibit No. 35 is an envelope from a friend which contained a letter which is not shown.

Exhibit No. 36 is a letter from a former fiance's mother, the same one that sent the telegram, and Exhibit No. 30.

Exhibit No. 37 is a letter from Marina to Lee while she was in the hospital, during the birth of June Lee.

Exhibit No. 38 is a letter from Olga Dmovskaya, a friend.

Mr. Rankin. When you say fiance, do you mean she was engaged to someone else?

Mr. Thorne. This is what I understand—prior to her relationship to Lee.

Exhibit No. 39 is another letter from Ella Soboleva.

Exhibit No. 40 is a letter from Lee Harvey to Marina while she was in the hospital with June Lee, during the birth of the baby.

Exhibit No. 41 is a letter from her Aunt Valya.

Exhibit No. 42 is a letter from their friend Pavel.

Exhibit No. 43 is the start of a letter by Marina which was never finished.

Exhibit No. 44 is the start of a letter by Marina which was never finished.

Exhibit No. 45 is a letter from Olga Dmovskaya, the same person who sent a letter in Exhibit No. 38.

Exhibit No. 46 is a letter—is another letter from Aunt Valya.

Exhibit No. 47 is a letter from a friend by the name of Tolya.

Exhibit No. 48 is an address of one of Marina's friends.

Exhibit No. 49 is Marina's draft of a letter to the consulate.

May I see Exhibit 49? I am trying to clear up a point.

Mr. Dulles. What is the date of that?

Mrs. Oswald. That is not a letter. That is an autobiography.

Mr. Thorne. Yes, that is correct. It is the draft of an autobiography for the Russian Consulate.

Exhibit No. 50 is a letter from a friend Erick Titovetz.

Exhibit No. 51 is another letter from Aunt Valya.

Exhibit No. 52 is a letter received by Marina while she was in the hospital with June Lee.

Exhibit No. 53 is Lee Harvey Oswald's writing.

Exhibit No. 54 is a letter from a friend, Laliya.

Exhibit No. 55 is a letter from Lee Harvey Oswald to Marina while she was in Kharkov.

Exhibit No. 56 is the same.

Exhibit No. 57 is a letter from Aunt Valya.

Exhibit No. 58 is a letter from Lee Harvey Oswald to Marina while she was in the hospital with June Lee.

Exhibit No. 59 is the same.

Exhibit No. 60 is the same.

Exhibit No. 61 is the same.

Exhibit No. 62 is a letter from Anna Meller, who lives in Dallas, to Marina.

Exhibit No. 63 is a letter from Lee Harvey Oswald to Marina while she was in the hospital, giving birth to June Lee.

Exhibit No. 64 is a letter from Lee Harvey Oswald—is a letter to Lee from Erick Titovetz.

Exhibit No. 65 is the second page of Exhibit No. 62. That completes the exhibits.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibits 30 through 65, inclusive.

The Chairman. They may be admitted and take the appropriate numbers.

(The documents referred to were marked Commission Exhibit Nos. 30 through 65, inclusive, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. Mrs. Oswald, you remember I asked you about the diary that your husband kept. You said that he completed it in Russia before he came to this country, do you remember that?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know whether or not the entries that he made in that diary were made each day as the events occurred?

Mrs. Oswald. No, not each day.

Mr. Rankin. Were they noted shortly after the time they occurred?

Mrs. Oswald. Not all events. What happened in Moscow I don't think that Lee wrote that in Moscow.

Mr. Rankin. What about the entries concerning what happened in Minsk?

Mrs. Oswald. He wrote this while he was working.

Mr. Rankin. And you think those entries were made close to the time that the events occurred?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. As I understand you, you think that the entries concerning the time he was in Moscow before he went to Minsk were entered some time while he was in Minsk, is that right?

Mrs. Oswald. I think so, but I don't know.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know why your husband was sent to Minsk to work and live after he came to the Soviet Union, instead of some other city?

Mrs. Oswald. He was sent there because this is a young and developing city where there are many industrial enterprises which needed personnel. It is an old, a very old city. But after the war, it had been almost completely built anew, because everything has been destroyed. It was easier in the sense of living space in Minsk—it was easier to secure living space. Many immigrants are sent to Minsk. There are many immigrants there now.

Mr. Rankin. Were there many Americans there?

Mrs. Oswald. Americans? No. But from South America, from Argentina, we knew many. Many Argentinians live there—comparatively many.

Mr. Rankin. Did your husband say much about the time he was in Moscow before he went to Minsk and what he did there?

Mrs. Oswald. He didn't tell me particularly much about it, but he said that he walked in Moscow a great deal, that he had visited museums, that he liked Moscow better than Minsk, and that he would have liked to live in Moscow.

Mr. Rankin. Did he say anything about having been on the radio or television at Moscow?

Mrs. Oswald. He said that he was on the radio.

Mr. Rankin. Did he tell you anything about any ceremonies for him when he asked for Soviet citizenship?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. When he was not granted Soviet citizenship, did he say anything about the Soviet Government or his reaction towards their failure to give him citizenship?

Mrs. Oswald. When I read the diary, I concluded from the diary that Lee wanted to become a citizen of the Soviet Union and that he had been refused, but after we were married we talked on that subject and he said it was good that he had refused to accept citizenship. Therefore, I had always thought that Lee had been offered citizenship—but that he didn't want it.

Mr. Rankin. What diary are you referring to that you read?

Mrs. Oswald. The diary about which we talked here previously—in the preceding session.

Mr. Rankin. The one that was completed in Russia that you referred to?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. And when did you first read that?

Mrs. Oswald. I had never read it, because I didn't understand English. But when I was questioned by the FBI, they read me excerpts from that diary.

Mr. Rankin. And that was after the assassination?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. When you and Lee Oswald decided to get married, was there a period of time you had to wait before it could be official?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. Did you file an application and then have a period to wait?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. How long was that period of waiting?

Mrs. Oswald. Ten days.

Mr. Rankin. After it was known in Minsk that you were to marry this American, did any officials come to you and talk to you about the marriage?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. Mrs. Oswald, we have Exhibits 66 through 91 that we are going to ask your counsel to show to you, and after you have looked at them and are satisfied that you can identify them, then we will ask you to comment on them.

Mrs. Oswald. This is from Lee when I was in the hospital.

Mr. Rankin. What exhibit is that?

Mr. Thorne. These are all part of Exhibit 66. They are various miscellaneous pieces of writing involved in this particular exhibit.

Mrs. Oswald. It was not in June that I was in the hospital. He didn't know that I was in the hospital.

Mr. Rankin. By "he" do you mean your husband Lee Oswald?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. And when did he not know that you were in the hospital?

Mrs. Oswald. Because I was going to work when I began to feel ill, and I was taken to the hospital.

Mr. Rankin. And what time was that?

Mrs. Oswald. In the morning, about 10 a.m.

Mr. Rankin. I mean about what day or month or year?

Mrs. Oswald. September 1961.

Mr. Rankin. Is that before you went to Kharkov?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. And we have already discussed, or I have asked you about that time you were in the hospital.

Mrs. Oswald. Yes. I was there twice.

Mr. Rankin. By twice, you mean this time you have described before you went to Kharkov and the other time when you had the baby?

Mrs. Oswald. This is a letter from Inesse Yakhliel.

Mr. Rankin. That is Exhibit 67?

Mr. Thorne. No, sir, these are all part of Exhibit 66.

Mr. Dulles. I wonder if these should not be marked in some way, because you won't be able to find out what they are in the future—A, B, C, D, or something of this kind.

Mr. Rankin. Mr. Redlich, will you mark those as 66-A, B, C, and D, or however they run?

Mr. Thorne, when you say the first one marked "A", will you make it clear what that is?

Mr. Thorne. The exhibit marked "A"—let me hasten to point out that all of these pieces of paper have a mark "159R". We are denoting individually these papers by starting with A, B, C, and so on.

"A" represents the first piece of paper that was identified earlier in this testimony by Mrs. Oswald, referring again specifically to Exhibit 66, which is composed of many such pieces of paper.

Exhibit B was the second piece of paper that was identified by Mrs. Oswald.

I believe this is the third.

Mrs. Oswald. This is a letter from Inessa Yakhliel.

Mr. Thorne. This will be identified as C.

Mrs. Oswald. The envelope of a letter that Lee wrote me, to Kharkov.

Mr. Thorne. That is identified as Exhibit D.

Mrs. Oswald. From Inessa Yakhliel.

Mr. Thorne. This is identified as Exhibit E.

Mrs. Oswald. This is from Inessa Yakhliel.

Mr. Thorne. This is identified as Exhibit F.

Mrs. Oswald. This is from Lee.

Mr. Thorne. Identified as Exhibit G.

Mrs. Oswald. From my Aunt Luba.

Mr. Thorne. This is identified as Exhibit H.

Mrs. Oswald. This is a letter from Lee.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit I.

Now, so there is no confusion, let's state again that these are sub-exhibits, letters, and marked 159, from A through I, all part of Exhibit 66.

Mrs. Oswald. I would like to obtain these letters, to preserve them. I don't mean now.

The Chairman. She may see and have copies of any of the letters she desires connected with her testimony.

Mr. Thorne. This is Exhibit 67.

Mrs. Oswald. A photograph of Galiya Khontooleva.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 68. Exhibit 68 is two postcards, and they probably need to be identified as A and B.

Let's identify A.

Mrs. Oswald. That is a letter from Lee from New Orleans to Irving—to the home of Mrs. Paine.

And this is a letter from the mother, Lee's mother.

Mr. Thorne. This will be identified as Exhibit 68-B. Exhibit 69 is composed of two postcards. Exhibit 69-A——

Mrs. Oswald. This is from Lee, from New Orleans, addressed to me, when I lived with Ruth Paine.

Mr. Thorne. And Exhibit 69-B?

Mrs. Oswald. A letter from a girl friend from Russia, Ludmila Larionova.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit No. 70, a postcard.

Mrs. Oswald. From my grandmother, from the mother of my stepfather.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit No. 71. Two envelopes. 71-A——

Mrs. Oswald. From Pavel Golovachev, addressed to the address of Ruth Paine. And this is an envelope from Ruth Paine.

Mr. Thorne. That is Exhibit B.

Mrs. Oswald. A letter to me.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 72 is a writing. In Russian.

Mrs. Oswald. This is a reply to Lee's letter about the fact that he wanted to study at the University of Peoples Friendship, and he was refused.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 73 contains two pieces of paper. 73-A is identified as——

Mrs. Oswald. This is from the time that June was a little baby, a certificate of the fact that she was vaccinated for smallpox.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit B?

Mrs. Oswald. This is Anna Meller's address and telephone number.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 74?

Mrs. Oswald. This is Lee's library card of the State Library. I think in Moscow—the State Library.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 75 contains a writing and an envelope.

Mrs. Oswald. A letter from Galiya Khontooleva, and an envelope.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 76 contains three pages of writing, together with an envelope.

Mrs. Oswald. This was when Lee and I visited his brother in a city in Alabama, he is studying to be a clergyman. There we met a young man who was studying Russian, and he wrote me this letter.

These are all his letters.

Mr. Thorne. This is three pages of one letter together with the envelope.

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 77 contains an envelope and two written pages—two separate pages of writing.

Mrs. Oswald. This is from Galiya Khontooleva, and the envelope.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 78 contains an envelope and two handwritten pages of writing.

Mrs. Oswald. This is a letter from Ruth Paine to New Orleans.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit No. 79 contains an envelope and one page of writing.

Mrs. Oswald. This is a letter from Pavel Golovachev, from Minsk.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit No. 80, two handwritten pages.

Mrs. Oswald. I was forced by the FBI to write an account of how much money I had received through them.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 81 contains one page of writing.

Mrs. Oswald. The same.

Mr. Thorne. By the same, you mean what?

Mrs. Oswald. A receipt for the receipt of money through the FBI.

Mr. Thorne. Are these donations?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 82 contains a page in handwriting.

Mrs. Oswald. A letter from Ruth.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 83 is a photograph.

Mrs. Oswald. The son of Ludmila Larionova.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 84 contains an envelope.

Mrs. Oswald. Simply an envelope.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 85 contains an envelope.

Mrs. Oswald. Lee wrote to me in Kharkov.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 86 contains an envelope.

Mrs. Oswald. From Titovetz, a letter from the Soviet Union.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 87 contains an envelope.

Mrs. Oswald. From Pavel Golovachev.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 88 contains an envelope and one page of writing.

Mrs. Oswald. A letter from Ella Soboleva.

Mr. Thorne. And the letter arrived in the envelope?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 89 contains one sheet of writing.

Mrs. Oswald. Also from Soboleva.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit No. 90.

Mrs. Oswald. I think from Ruth.

Mr. Thorne. This contains several pages—several sheets—three sheets which seem to be one continuous letter.

Mrs. Oswald. A letter from Ruth Paine.

Mr. Thorne. A three-page letter. Exhibit No. 91 contains an envelope.

Mrs. Oswald. From Erick Titovetz.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibits 66 through 91, inclusive.

The Chairman. You have looked over all these, have you, Mr. Thorne, and your client has identified them?

Mr. Thorne. Yes, sir.

The Chairman. They may be admitted.

(The documents referred to were marked Commission Exhibit Nos. 66 through 91, inclusive, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. Mrs. Oswald, we will show you photostatic copies of various writings of your husband. As you look at them, would you tell us what each one is, insofar as you recognize them, please?

Mr. Thorne. This is Exhibit 92, which is a writing, a photocopy of a writing.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recognize that exhibit, Mrs. Oswald?

Mrs. Oswald. Lee's handwriting. But I have never seen this. More correctly, I have seen it, but I have never read it.

Mr. Rankin. So you don't know what it purports to be, I take it.

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. That is, you do not?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. But you do recognize his handwriting throughout?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Thorne. May I point out to the Commission, please, this is in English. This is handwritten in English and it is typewritten in English.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 92.

The Chairman. It will be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 92, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. I should like to inform the Commission that Exhibit 92 purports to be the book that Lee Oswald wrote about conditions in the Soviet Union.

The Chairman. The one that was dictated to the stenographer?

Mr. Rankin. Yes, that is right.

Mr. Redlich. He had had written notes, and she transcribed them.

Mr. Thorne. The next exhibit is Exhibit No. 93, many pages, handwritten, in English.

Mr. Rankin. Mrs. Oswald, will you tell us what that is, if you know.

Mrs. Oswald. No, I don't know.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know whether it is in the handwriting of your husband?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, this is Lee's handwriting. These are all his papers. I don't know about them. Everything is in English. I don't know.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 93.

The Chairman. Exhibit 93 may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 93, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. I should like to advise the Commission that this Exhibit 93 purports to be a résumé of his Marine Corps experience, and some additional minor notes.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit No. 94 is photocopies of many pages of handwriting, which is in English.

Mrs. Oswald. I don't know what that is. It is Lee's handwriting.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 94.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 94, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Dulles. Do we know what that is?

Mr. Rankin. Exhibit 94 consists of handwritten pages on which the book about Russia, Exhibit 92, was typewritten.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit No. 95 is a photocopy of many pages of typewriting, typewritten words, which are in English.

Mrs. Oswald. I also don't know.

Mr. Rankin. Mrs. Oswald, I will ask you, on Exhibit 95, can you identify the handwriting on that?

Mrs. Oswald. It is Lee's handwriting.

Mr. Rankin. And did you ever see the pages of that Exhibit 95 as a part of his papers and records?

Mrs. Oswald. No. Perhaps I saw them, but I don't remember them.

Mr. Rankin. But you know it is his handwriting, where the handwriting appears?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 95.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 95, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 96 is a photocopy of two pages that are handwritten and in English.

Mrs. Oswald. I also don't know what that is. For me, that is a dark forest, a heap of papers.

Mr. Rankin. With regard to Exhibit 95 that has been received in evidence, I should like to inform the Commission that that is also material concerning the book, regarding conditions in Russia.

Mrs. Oswald, will you tell us with regard to Exhibit 96—do you recognize the handwriting on those pages?

Mrs. Oswald. This is all Lee's handwriting.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 96.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 96, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. Exhibit 96 purports to be notes for a speech or article, on "The New Era."

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 97 is a photocopy of several pages, both printed and in writing, handwriting.

Mrs. Oswald. It is amazing that Lee had written so well.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recognize the handwriting?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, I do.

Mr. Thorne. This is also in English.

Mrs. Oswald, you state he had written so well. By that you mean what?

Mrs. Oswald. Neatly. And legibly.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 97.

The Chairman. Exhibit 97 may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 97, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 98 is three photocopy pages of handwriting in English.

Mrs. Oswald. I don't know what that is.

Mr. Thorne. Do you recognize the handwriting?

Mrs. Oswald. That is Lee's handwriting.

Mr. Rankin. Exhibit 97 appears to be a critique on the Communist Party in the United States by Lee Oswald.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 98.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 98, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. Exhibit 98 purports to be notes for a speech.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 99 is one photocopy page of handwriting in English.

Mrs. Oswald. I don't know what that is.

Mr. Thorne. Is this Lee's handwriting?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 99.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 99, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit No. 100 purports to be four pages, photocopy pages, of handwriting, in English.

Mrs. Oswald. Lee's handwriting. But what it is, I don't know. I am sorry, but I don't know what it is.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 100.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 100, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. I wish to inform the Commission that this purports to be answers to questionnaires, and shows two formats, one showing that he is loyal to the country and another that he is not so loyal.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 101 is a photocopy of one page which is printed and handwritten in English.

Mrs. Oswald. Lee's handwriting. But what it is, I don't know.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 101.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 101, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. This purports to be a portion of the diary and relates to his meeting at the Embassy on October 31, 1959.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 102 is photocopies of two pages, handwritten, in English.

Mrs. Oswald. Lee's handwriting. I don't know what it is.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 102.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 102, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. I wish to call the Commission's attention to the fact that Exhibit 102 purports to be a draft of memoranda, at least, for a speech.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 103 is two pages, two photocopy pages, of handwriting, in English.

Mrs. Oswald. From the address I see that it is a letter—it is Lee's letter, but to whom, I don't know.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 103.

The Chairman. It may be admitted under that number.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 103, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. I wish to call the attention of the Commission to the fact that Exhibit 103 is a purported draft of the letter that Lee Oswald sent to the Embassy, the Soviet Embassy, which you will recall referred to the fact that his wife was asked by the FBI to defect—had such language in the latter part of it. This draft shows that in this earlier draft he used different language, and decided upon the language that he finally sent in the exhibit that is in the record earlier. The comparison is most illuminating.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 104 is photocopy pages of a small notebook.

Mrs. Oswald. This is my notebook, various addresses—when I was at the rest home, I simply noted down the addresses of some acquaintances.

Mr. Dulles. Is this in Russia, or the United States?

Mrs. Oswald. In Russia.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 104.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 104, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 105 is a notebook——

Mr. Rankin. Exhibit 104 purports to be a small notebook of Mrs. Oswald.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 105 is the original of a notebook containing various writings in English and in Russian.

Mrs. Oswald. This is when Lee was getting ready to go to Russia, and he made a list of the things that he wanted to buy and take with him.

Further, I don't know what he had written in there.

Mr. Dulles. Was this the time he went or the time he didn't go?

Mrs. Oswald. When he didn't—when he intended to.

Mr. Rankin. In Exhibit 105, Mrs. Oswald, I will ask you if you noted that your husband had listed in that "Gun and case, Price 24 REC. 17."

Mrs. Oswald. I don't know what that is. Unfortunately, I cannot help. I don't know what this means.

Mr. Rankin. But you do observe the item in the list in that booklet, do you?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Now I see it.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 105.

The Chairman. That will be received.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 105, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. With regard to Exhibit 102, I should like to inform the Commission that as a part of this transcribed record, as soon as we can complete it, we will have photostatic copies of these various exhibits for you, along with photographs of the physical material. But I think you will want to examine some of it very closely.

I call your particular attention to this draft of a proposed speech. One of the items, No. 1, states, "Americans are apt to scoff at the idea that a military coup in the U.S. as so often happens in Latin American countries, could ever replace our government. But that is an idea that has grounds for consideration. Which military organization has the potentialities of exciting such action? Is it the Army? With its many conscripts, its unwieldy size, its score of bases scattered across the world? The case of General Walker shows that the Army at least is not fertile enough ground for a far-right regime to go a very long way, for the size, reasons of size, and disposition."

Then there is an insert I have difficulty in reading.

"Which service, then, can qualify to launch a coup in the U.S.A.? Small size, a permanent hard core of officers and few bases as necessary. Only one outfit fits that description, and the U.S. Marine Corps is a rightwing-infiltrated organization of dire potential consequences to the freedom of the United States. I agree with former President Truman when he said that 'The Marine Corps should be abolished.'"

That indicates some of his thinking.

The Chairman. We will just take a short break.

(Brief recess.)

The Chairman. The Commission will be in order.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 106 for identification is a notebook.

Mrs. Oswald. This is my book, some poems by——

Mr. Thorne. It contains handwriting in Russian.

Mr. Rankin. How did you happen to write that, Mrs. Oswald?

Mrs. Oswald. I simply liked these verses. I did not have a book of poems. And I made a copy.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 106.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 106, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 107 contains a small piece of cardboard with some writing in Russian on it.

Mrs. Oswald. This is Lee's pass from the factory.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 107.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 107, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 108 is an original one sheet of paper, with handwriting in ink, in Russian, on one page.

Mrs. Oswald. These are the lyrics of a popular song.

Mr. Rankin. A Russian popular song?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes. This is Armenian—an Armenian popular song.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 108.

The Chairman. It is admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 108, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 109 is one sheet with handwriting in ink on both sides, an original.

Mrs. Oswald. This was simply my recollection of some song lyrics and the names of some songs that people had asked me.

Mr. Rankin. I offer Exhibit 109.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 109, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 110 is a yellow legal sized sheet with handwriting in Russian which seems to be interpreted in English below it, together with a little stamp. I can explain the stamp. It says FBI Laboratory.

Mrs. Oswald. This is when George Bouhe was giving me lessons. I translated from Russian into English—not very successfully—my first lessons.

Mr. Rankin. I offer Exhibit 110.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 110, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. When was it that George Bouhe was teaching you English and you wrote this out?

Mrs. Oswald. This was in July 1962. I don't remember when I arrived—in '62 or '61.

Mr. Rankin. Is the handwriting in Exhibit 110 in the Russian as well as the English in your handwriting?

Mrs. Oswald. No. The Russian is written by Bouhe, and the English is written by me.

Mr. Rankin. Did you make the translation from the Russian into the English by yourself?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, I had to study English.

Mr. Rankin. Did you have a dictionary to work with?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. So you were taking a Russian-English dictionary and trying to convert the Russian words that he wrote out into English, is that right?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 111 is a book written in Russian, a pocket book.

Mrs. Oswald. This is my book.

Mr. Rankin. Do you notice some of the letters are cut out of that book, Exhibit 111?

Mrs. Oswald. Letters?

I see that for the first time.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know who did that?

Mrs. Oswald. Probably Lee was working, but I never saw that. I don't know what he did that for.

Mr. Rankin. You never saw him while he was working with that?

Mrs. Oswald. No. I would have shown him if I had seen him doing that to my book.

Mr. Rankin. You know sometimes messages are made up by cutting out letters that way and putting them together to make words.

Mrs. Oswald. I read about it.

Mr. Rankin. You have never seen him do that?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. I offer Exhibit 111.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 111, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 112 is an apparent application—an applicant's driving record.

Mrs. Oswald. I have never seen this.

Mr. Thorne. It is in English.

Mr. Rankin. That is not your driving record, then?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. You don't know whether it was your husband's?

Mrs. Oswald. I don't know.

Mr. Thorne. May I clarify the exhibit? It is an application for a Texas driver's license. Standard form application.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 112.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 112, and received in evidence.)

Mrs. Oswald. It is quite possible that Lee prepared that, because Ruth Paine insisted on Lee's obtaining a license.

Mr. Rankin. Did you hear her insist?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes. She said it would be good to have.

Mr. Rankin. And when was that?

Mrs. Oswald. October or November.

Mr. Rankin. 1962?

Mrs. Oswald. '63.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 113 is a driver's handbook published by the State of Texas.

Mrs. Oswald. We had this book for quite some time. George Bouhe had given that to Lee if he at some time would try to learn how to drive.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 113.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 113, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. Was your husband able to drive a car?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, I think that he knew how. Ruth taught him how.

Mr. Rankin. Did he have a driver's license that you know of?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

This is a Russian camera of Lee's—binoculars.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 114 is a leather case containing a pair of binoculars.

Mr. Rankin. Do you remember having seen those binoculars, known as Exhibit 114, before?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes. We had binoculars in Russia because we liked to look through them at a park.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know whether your husband used them in connection with the Walker incident?

Mrs. Oswald. I don't know.

Mr. Rankin. He never said anything about that?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 114.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 114, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 115 is a box containing a stamping kit.

Mrs. Oswald. That is Lee's. When he was busy with his Cuba, he used it.

Mr. Rankin. You mean when he was working on the Fair Play for Cuba, he used this?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 115.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 115, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. How did he use that kit in Exhibit 115 in connection with his Fair Play for Cuba campaign?

Mrs. Oswald. He had leaflets for which he assembled letters and printed his address.

Mr. Rankin. And he used this kit largely to stamp the address on the letters?

Mrs. Oswald. Not letters, but leaflets.

Mr. Rankin. He stamped the address on the leaflets?

Mrs. Oswald. Handbills, rather.

Yes.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recall whether he stamped his name on the handbills, too?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. What name did he stamp on them?

Mrs. Oswald. Lee Harvey Oswald.

Mr. Rankin. Did he use the name Hidell on those, too?

Mrs. Oswald. I don't remember. Perhaps.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 116 is a Spanish to English and English to Spanish dictionary.

Mr. Rankin. Have you seen that before?

Mrs. Oswald. When Lee came from Mexico City I think he had this.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 116.

The Chairman. It may be received.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 116, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 117 is one sheet of paper with, some penciled markings on it.

Mrs. Oswald. I don't know what that is. I don't know.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recognize any of the writing on that exhibit?

Mrs. Oswald. Lee's handwriting.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 117.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 117, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 118 is a clipping from a newspaper. There are some notations on it.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recall seeing that clipping, Exhibit 118, before?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recognize any of the handwriting on it?

Mrs. Oswald. As far as it is visible, it is similar to Lee's handwriting.

Mr. Rankin. I offer Exhibit 118. The Chairman. 118 may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 118, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. I call attention to the members of the Commission that Exhibit 118 has a reference to the President, with regard to the income tax, and the position of the Administration as being favorable to business rather than to the small taxpayer in the approach to the income tax.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 119 contains a key with a chain.

Mrs. Oswald. I don't know what this is a key to.

Mr. Rankin. It appears to be a key to a padlock. Do you recognize it?

Mrs. Oswald. I can see that it is a key to a padlock, but I have never used such a key.

Mr. Rankin. Have you ever seen your husband use such a key?

Mrs. Oswald. It is hard to remember what key he used. I know he had a key.

(The article referred to was marked as Commission Exhibit No. 119 for identification.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 120 purports to be a telescope—15 power telescope.

Mrs. Oswald. I have never seen such a telescope.

Mr. Rankin. You never saw it as a part of your husband's things?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

(The article referred to was marked for identification as Exhibit No. 120.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 121 is a Russell Stover candy box filled with miscellaneous assortment—medicines of all kinds.

Mr. Rankin. Mrs. Oswald, can you help us in regard to that Exhibit 121? Are those your medicines or are those your husband's?

Mrs. Oswald. These are all my medications.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 121 and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 122 is a cardboard box containing an assortment of items.

Mrs. Oswald. These are all his things. I think he used this to clean the rifle.

Mr. Rankin. You are showing us pipe cleaners that you say your husband used to clean the rifle, as you remember it?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. How often did he clean it, do you remember?

Mrs. Oswald. Not too often. I have already told you.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 122.

The Chairman. It will be received.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 122, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 123 contains seven small one ounce dark brown bottles.

Mrs. Oswald. Lee's brother is a pharmacist. He gave this to us.

Mr. Thorne. As well as the apparent boxes that they came in.

Mr. Rankin. Which brother is a pharmacist?

Mrs. Oswald. Murret.

Mr. Rankin. You mean his cousin?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes. In the Russian the word cousin is second brother.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 123.

The Chairman. It may be received.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 123, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 124 is a hunting knife in a sheath, approximately a 4- or 5-inch blade.

Mrs. Oswald. I have never seen this knife.

It is a new knife. And that telescope is also new.

(The article referred to was marked as Commission Exhibit No. 124 for identification.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 125 is a file cabinet for presumably three by five or five by seven inch cards.

Mrs. Oswald. Lee kept his printing things in that, pencils.

Mr. Rankin. The things that he printed his Fair Play for Cuba leaflets on?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. Pencils and materials that he used in connection with that matter?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. Did he have any index cards in that metal case?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, he had some.

Mr. Rankin. You don't know what happened to them?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know what was on those index cards?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. A list of any people that you know of?

Mrs. Oswald. No. I don't know.

Mr. Rankin. Were those leaflets about Fair Play for Cuba printed?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. And then did he stamp something on them after he had them printed?

Mrs. Oswald. He would print his name and address on them.

Mr. Rankin. I will offer in evidence Exhibit 125.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 125, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. You don't know what happened to the cards that were in that?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 126 is a small hand overnight bag, canvas zipper bag.

Mrs. Oswald. That is Lee's handbag, and he arrived with it from Mexico City.

Mr. Rankin. It is one of the bags that you described when you were telling about his bringing one back from Mexico City?

Mrs. Oswald. He only had this one.

Mr. Rankin. Exhibit 126 was the only bag that he brought back?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 126.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 126, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 127 is a suitcase.

Mrs. Oswald. A Russian suitcase.

Mr. Rankin. You have seen that before, have you?

Mrs. Oswald. Of course.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know whether he took Exhibit 127 to Mexico?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. You don't know, or you don't think he did?

Mrs. Oswald. I know that he did not take it.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know when he used Exhibit 127?

Mrs. Oswald. I don't think that he would have used it.

Was this taken in Lee's apartment?

Mr. Rankin. We cannot tell you that, Mrs. Oswald. We don't know which place it was taken from.

You have seen it amongst his things, though, have you not?

Mrs. Oswald. No. I think these things were in Ruth Paine's garage.

Mr. Rankin. You don't know whether it is his or Mrs. Paine's?

Mrs. Oswald. That is my suitcase.

Mr. Rankin. And did you use it to come from the Soviet Union?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Thorne. This is not Lee's suitcase, then—this is your personal suitcase?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes. Ours, or mine.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 127.

The Chairman. Do you need that? That is hers. She may want it. Do you think we need it?

Very well. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 127, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 128 is a Humble Oil and Refining Company courtesy map of the Dallas-Fort Worth area.

Mr. Rankin. I call your attention, Mrs. Oswald, to the markings in ink, in the area where the assassination took place.

Mrs. Oswald. This map Lee acquired after returning to Irving. Before that, he had another map.

That doesn't tell me anything. I did not use this map.

Mr. Rankin. Did you ever see your husband use it?

Mrs. Oswald. No. I think that this was in his apartment, where he lived. Perhaps he used it there.

Mr. Rankin. Did you ever see him put those markings on it?

Mrs. Oswald. No, I have never seen him use this specific map. Possibly he marked this place, not because of what happened there, but because this was the place where he worked, I don't know. He had a habit to note down the addresses of all acquaintances where he worked.

Mr. Rankin. Can you tell whether the writing on the side of the map there is in your husband's handwriting?

Mrs. Oswald. It doesn't look like his handwriting.

(The document referred to was marked for identification as Commission Exhibit No. 128.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 129 purports to be some type of an official document in Russian.

Mrs. Oswald. That is my birth certificate.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know why it was issued at that date, rather than presumably the one that was issued when you were born?

Mrs. Oswald. Because mine was lost somewhere, and it was reissued.

Mr. Rankin. Did you have to go there to get it?

Mrs. Oswald. No, simply write a letter.

Mr. Rankin. And they mailed it to you?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. I offer that exhibit in evidence.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 129, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 130 seems to be an original instrument in Russian.

Mrs. Oswald. This is a copy of a birth certificate which a notary issues.

Mr. Thorne. Whose certificate?

Mrs. Oswald. Mine.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 130.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 130, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 131 is a one-sheet document in Russian.

Mrs. Oswald. The same thing.

Mr. Rankin. Why did you have these other copies?

Mrs. Oswald. These documents were needed for regularizing all the documents in connection with the trip abroad.

Mr. Rankin. Do you know why the date was rewritten from July 14 to July 19 on them?

Mrs. Oswald. In which?

Mr. Rankin. In the original.

Mrs. Oswald. I didn't see that.

It says July 17, 1941. The certificate is issued July 19, 1961.

Mr. Krimer. The transcript shows 17th of July 1941.

May I explain it, sir?

Mr. Rankin. You explain it, Mr. Krimer, and then ask her if you are explaining it correctly.

Mr. Krimer. I have explained it correctly, and she says it is correct.

This states she was born on July 17, but that an entry was made in the register about that on August 14, 1961. This accounts for the change in the digit. And this was issued on July 19, 1941.

Mr. Rankin. I offer that in evidence.

The Chairman. That will be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 131, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. 132 is a two-sheet, eight-page letter with an envelope. This is written in Russian.

Mrs. Oswald. The envelope is from Sobolev, and the letter is from Golovachev. I simply kept them together.

Mr. Rankin. There is a reference in the last full paragraph of that letter, Mrs. Oswald, where it said, "By the way, Marina, try to explain to Paul that the basic idea of Pagodzin's play 'A man with a rifle' is contained in words"—and then goes on. Do you know what was meant by that?

It says "Now we do not have to fear a man with a rifle." Who is Paul?

Mrs. Oswald. This is only that the word "rifle" scares you, but it is quite harmless. This is Peter Gregory, Paul. He is also studying Russian. And he had to make a report at the institute about Pagodzin's play "Man with a Rifle". This play is about the revolution in Russia, and there is a film. I helped him with it.

Mr. Rankin. You are satisfied that has nothing to do with the assassination?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 132.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 132, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 133 contains two photographs.

These are pictures of Lee Harvey Oswald with a rifle and pistol.

Mrs. Oswald. For me at first they appeared to be one and the same, at first glance. But they are different poses.

Mr. Rankin. You took both of those pictures, did you, in Exhibit 133?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. And are those the pictures you took when you were out hanging up diapers, and your husband asked you to take the pictures of him?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. With the pistol and the rifle?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. We offer in evidence Exhibit 133.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The documents referred to were marked Commission Exhibit No. 133, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. Do you recall whether these pictures in Exhibit 133 were taken before or after the Walker incident?

Mrs. Oswald. Before.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 134 is an enlargement of one of these pictures—what purports to be an enlargement.

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, this is an enlargement of that photograph.

Mr. Rankin. Mrs. Oswald, in Exhibit 133, in one of the pictures your husband has a newspaper, it appears.

Mr. Dulles. I think in both of them.

Mr. Rankin. I want to correct that.

In both he appears to have a newspaper. In one of them he has the newspaper in the right hand and in the other in the left hand. Do you know what newspaper that is?

Mrs. Oswald. It says there "Militant." But I don't know what kind of a paper that is—whether it is Communist, anti-Communist.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recall how much earlier than the Walker incident you took these photographs?

Mrs. Oswald. About two weeks.

Mr. Rankin. Was the enlargement of one of those pictures, Exhibit 134, made by you, or by someone else?

Mrs. Oswald. No, I don't know who made the enlargement.

Mr. Rankin. Have you seen Exhibit 134, the enlargement, before this?

Mrs. Oswald. No. I have been shown an enlargement, but I don't know whether this is the one I have been shown.

Mr. Rankin. Who showed that to you?

Mrs. Oswald. Apart from Mr. Gopadze, somebody else showed me an enlargement.

Mr. Rankin. Does this appear to be like the enlargement that you saw?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes. I think it was specially enlarged for the investigation.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit No. 134.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 134, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit No. 136 purports to be a clipping from a newspaper. It is a clipping of an advertisement, a mail coupon.

Mrs. Oswald. I don't know what that is.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recognize the handwriting on it?

Mrs. Oswald. Lee's handwriting.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 135.

The Chairman. It will be admitted.

(The document referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 135, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. I call the Commission's attention to the fact that this is the coupon under which it appears the rifle was ordered, showing an enclosed $10 notation—"Check for $29.95, A. G. Hidell, age 28, post office box 2915, Dallas, Texas."

And it is marked, "One—quantity. Point 38 ST. W. 2 inch barrel, 29.95," and underlined is 29.95, and an arrow at that point.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 136 is a camera contained within a leather case.

Mrs. Oswald. This is a Russian camera.

Mr. Rankin. Is that the camera you used to take the pictures you have referred to?

Mrs. Oswald. I don't remember exactly whether it was an American camera or this.

Mr. Rankin. But this was one of your cameras, or your husband's cameras?

Mrs. Oswald. My husband's camera.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 136.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 136, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 137 is a camera in a leather case.

Mr. Rankin. Have you ever seen that camera before?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Dulles. Is that a Russian camera?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 137 for identification.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 138 is a flash attachment for some type of camera. It is an Ansco flash attachment.

Mrs. Oswald. I have never seen it.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 138 for identification.)

Mr. Rankin. Do you know what happened to the American camera that you referred to?

Mrs. Oswald. I don't know.

Mr. Rankin. Was this Ansco flash equipment an attachment for that camera?

Mrs. Oswald. I have never seen it. It seems to me that it is new.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 139.

Mrs. Oswald. This is the fateful rifle of Lee Oswald.

Mr. Rankin. Is that the scope that it had on it, as far as you know?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 139.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 139, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 140 apparently is a blanket.

Mr. Rankin. Have you seen that before, Mrs. Oswald?

Mrs. Oswald. This is still from Russia. June loved to play with that blanket.

Mr. Rankin. Was that the blanket that your husband used to cover up the rifle?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes. We didn't use this blanket as a cover. He used it for the rifle.

Mr. Rankin. And it was the blanket that you saw and thought was covering the rifle in the garage at the Paine's, is it?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. Did he use it as a cover for the rifle at other places where you lived?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 140.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 140, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. Did you say that June played with this blanket, Exhibit 140?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes. I would put that on the floor to make it softer—on a balcony, for example, when June was playing on it.

Mr. Rankin. Is that in this country or in Russia?

Mrs. Oswald. She didn't crawl yet in Russia.

Mr. Rankin. What balcony was that—what house?

Mrs. Oswald. On Neely Street, in Dallas.

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 141 is an envelope that contains a bullet.

Mr. Rankin. Have you ever seen bullets or shells like that that your husband had?

Mrs. Oswald. I think Lee's were smaller.

Mr. Rankin. If that was the size for his gun, would that cause you to think it was the same?

Mrs. Oswald. Probably.

Mr. Rankin. Where did you see his?

Mrs. Oswald. In New Orleans, and on Neely Street.

Mr. Rankin. In the box, or laying loose some place?

Mrs. Oswald. In a box.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 141.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 141, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 142 is some kraft paper, brown wrapping paper.

Mrs. Oswald. It wasn't brown before.

Mr. Rankin. Did you ever see that before?

Mrs. Oswald. The FBI questioned me about this paper, but I don't know—I have never seen it.

Mr. Rankin. At one time it was kraft color, before they treated it to get fingerprints.

Did you ever see anything like that?

Mrs. Oswald. Everybody sees such paper. But I didn't see that with Lee.

Mr. Rankin. You have never seen anything like that around the house, then?

Mrs. Oswald. No. We have wrapping paper around the house.

Mr. Rankin. That Exhibit 142 is more than just wrapping paper. It was apparently made up into a sack or bag.

Mrs. Oswald. I didn't see it.

Mr. Rankin. Did you ever see him make up a bag or sack or anything like that, to hold a rifle?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 142, for identification.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 143 is a pistol.

Mrs. Oswald. Lee Oswald's.

Mr. Rankin. You recognize that as a pistol of your husband?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 143.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 143, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 144 is a leather pistol holster.

Mrs. Oswald. That is a holster for Lee's pistol.

Mr. Rankin. Is Exhibit 144 the same holster that is in those pictures that you took?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. And the pistol is the same pistol as in those pictures?

Mrs. Oswald. As much as I can tell.

Mr. Rankin. At least they appear to be, as far as you can tell?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. And the rifle is the same, or appears to be, is it not?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

The Chairman. It may be admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 144, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Thorne. Exhibit 145 is a small cardboard box containing two bullets, .38 caliber.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recognize those as appearing to be the size of the bullets that your husband had for the pistol?

Mrs. Oswald. It is hard for me to tell, because I don't understand about this. I never looked at them, because I am afraid.

Mr. Rankin. But you have seen bullets like that, have you, in your husband's apartment or rooming house, or in the Neely apartment or at Mrs. Paine's?

Mrs. Oswald. At Mrs. Paine's I never saw any shells.

On Neely Street, perhaps it is similar—New Orleans. It looks like it. If they fit Lee's pistol, then they must be the right ones.

Mr. Rankin. I offer in evidence Exhibit 145.

The Chairman. Admitted.

(The article referred to was marked Commission Exhibit No. 145, and received in evidence.)

The Chairman. We will take a short recess.

(Brief recess.)

The Chairman. We will be in order, please.

Mr. Rankin. Mrs. Oswald, would you step over with the interpreter to this desk and point out the different pieces of clothing as we ask you about it, please?

Do you know the shirt that Lee Oswald wore the morning that he left?

Mrs. Oswald. I don't remember. What else interests you? What do you want?

Mr. Rankin. Can you tell us whether any of this clothing set out on this desk belonged to Lee Oswald?

Mrs. Oswald. These are Lee's shoes.

Mr. Rankin. When you say the shoes, you pointed to Exhibit 149?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. This is a pair of shoes of which Exhibit 149 is a photograph.

Mrs. Oswald. These are his bath slippers.

Mr. Rankin. Exhibit 148 are his bath slippers?

Mrs. Oswald. Japanese bath slippers. These shoes I have never seen.

Mr. Rankin. That is Exhibit 147, you say those are shoes you have never seen?

How about Exhibit 146?

Mrs. Oswald. These are his, yes. These are all Lee's shirts.

Mr. Rankin. Exhibits 150, 151——

Mrs. Oswald. These are his pajamas.

Mr. Rankin. Exhibits 150, and 151 are Lee Oswald's shirts, is that right?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. And Exhibit 152 is a pair of his pajamas?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. And Exhibit 153—you recognize that?

Mrs. Oswald. That is his shirt.

Mr. Rankin. And Exhibit 154? Is that one of his shirts?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. Exhibit 155?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, also. Why is it all torn?

Mr. Rankin. We are advised it was when he was hurt, they cut into some of these.

Do you recall whether or not he was wearing Exhibit—the shirt that I point to now, the morning of the 22d of November—Exhibit 150?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, it was a dark shirt.

Mr. Rankin. You think that was the one?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. I call your attention to Exhibit 156. Is that a pair of his pants?

Mrs. Oswald. These are his work pants.

Mr. Rankin. And 157?

Mrs. Oswald. Also work pants. These are all work pants.

Mr. Rankin. 158?

Mrs. Oswald. Why were both of those cut? I don't understand.

Mr. Rankin. I have not been informed, but I will try to find out for you.

Mrs. Oswald. It is not necessary.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recall which of the pants he was wearing on the morning of November 22, 1963?

Mrs. Oswald. I think the gray ones, but I am not sure, because it was dark in the room, and I paid no attention to what pants he put on.

Mr. Rankin. By the gray ones, you are referring to what I point to as Exhibit 157, is that right?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. Can you tell us about Exhibit 159, a sweater?

Mrs. Oswald. That was my gift to Lee, a sweater.

Mr. Rankin. 160?

Mrs. Oswald. That is Lee's shirt.

Mr. Rankin. 161?

Mrs. Oswald. This is a pullover sweater. This is his pullover sweater.

Mr. Rankin. 162?

Mrs. Oswald. That is Lee's—an old shirt.

Mr. Rankin. Sort of a jacket?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. 163?

Mrs. Oswald. Also.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recall which one of the sweaters or jackets he was wearing on the morning of November 22, 1963?

Mrs. Oswald. I don't remember.

Mr. Rankin. When was the last time that you saw this jacket, Exhibit 163?

Mrs. Oswald. I don't remember.

Mr. Rankin. Do you remember seeing it on the morning of November 22, 1963?

Mrs. Oswald. The thing is that I saw Lee in the room, and I didn't see him getting dressed in the room. That is why it is difficult for me to say. But I told him to put on something warm on the way to work.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recall whether the jacket, Exhibit 163, is something that he put on in your presence at any time that day?

Mrs. Oswald. Not in my presence.

Mr. Rankin. And you didn't observe it on him at any time, then?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Mr. Rankin. Is it possible that Exhibit 163 was worn by him that morning without your knowing about it?

Mrs. Oswald. Quite possible.

Mr. Rankin. Now, at the time you saw him at the Dallas jail, can you tell us what clothing of any that are on this desk he was wearing at that time?

Mrs. Oswald. None of these. He had on a white T-shirt. What trousers he was wearing, I could not tell, because I only saw him through a window.

Mr. Rankin. Would you examine the collar on the shirt?

Mrs. Oswald. This is Lee's shirt.

Mr. Rankin. It has a mark "Brent long tail sanforized."

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, I know this shirt. I gave it to him. The sweater is also his.

Mr. Rankin. Do you recall any of these clothes that your husband was wearing when he came home Thursday night, November 21, 1963?

Mrs. Oswald. On Thursday I think he wore this shirt.

Mr. Rankin. Is that Exhibit 150?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. Do you remember anything else he was wearing at that time?

Mrs. Oswald. It seems he had that jacket, also.

Mr. Rankin. Exhibit 162?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Mr. Rankin. And the pants, Exhibit 157?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes. But I am not sure. This is as much as I can remember.

Mr. Rankin. Thank you.

Mr. Thorne. I identify this photograph, which is marked Exhibit 164 as being a true photograph of the shirt displayed to Mrs. Oswald, and recognized by her as being a shirt that she gave to Lee Harvey Oswald.

Mr. Rankin. I offer all of the Exhibits, Nos. 146 to 164, inclusive.

The Chairman. They may be admitted.

(The articles referred to were marked Commission Exhibit Nos. 146 to 164, inclusive, and received in evidence.)

Mr. Rankin. Mrs. Oswald, do you remember any information or documents under your control or in your possession which would relate to or shed any light on the matters we have been examining which you have not presented here?

Mrs. Oswald. I have nothing else. Everything has been taken from me.

Mr. Rankin. Some of the Commissioners have a question or two, or a few questions. If you will permit them, they would like to address them to you.

Representative Boggs. Mrs. Oswald, this question has already been asked you, but I would like to ask it again.

I gather that you have reached the conclusion in your own mind that your husband killed President Kennedy.

Mrs. Oswald. Regretfully, yes.

Representative Boggs. During the weeks and months prior to the assassination—and I think this question has also been asked—did you ever at any time hear your late husband express any hostility towards President Kennedy?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Representative Boggs. What motive would you ascribe to your husband in killing President Kennedy?

Mrs. Oswald. As I saw the documents that were being read to me, I came to the conclusion that he wanted in any—by any means, good or bad, to get into history. But now that I have heard a part of the translation of some of the documents, I think that there was some political foundation to it, a foundation of which I am not aware.

Representative Boggs. By that, do you mean that your husband acted in concert with someone else?

Mrs. Oswald. No, only alone.

Representative Boggs. You are convinced that his action was his action alone, that he was influenced by no one else?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, I am convinced.

Representative Boggs. Did you consider your husband a Communist?

Mrs. Oswald. He told me when we were in New Orleans that he was a Communist, but I didn't believe him, because I said, "What kind of a Communist are you if you don't like the Communists in Russia?"

Representative Boggs. Did he like the Communists in the United States?

Mrs. Oswald. He considered them to be on a higher level and more conscious than the Communists in Russia.

Representative Boggs. Did you consider your husband a normal man in the usual sense of the term?

Mrs. Oswald. He was always a normal man, but where it concerned his ideas, and he did not introduce me to his ideas, I did not consider him normal.

Representative Boggs. Maybe I used the wrong terminology. Did you consider him mentally sound?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes; he was smart and capable. Only he did not use his capabilities in the proper direction. He was not deprived of reason—he was not a man deprived of reason.

Representative Boggs. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Thank you.

The Chairman. Senator Cooper, did you have any questions to ask?

Mrs. Oswald. No one knows the truth, no one can read someone else's thoughts, as I could not read Lee's thoughts. But that is only my opinion.

Senator Cooper. Mrs. Oswald, some of the questions that I ask you you may have answered—because I have been out at times.

I believe you have stated that your husband at times expressed opposition to or dislike of the United States or of its political or economic system, is that correct?

Mrs. Oswald. As far as I know, he expressed more dissatisfaction with economic policy, because as to the political matters he did not enlighten me as to his political thoughts.

Senator Cooper. Did he ever suggest to you or to anyone in your presence that the economic system of the United States should be changed, and did he suggest any means for changing it?

Mrs. Oswald. He never proposed that, but from his conversations it followed that it would be necessary to change it. But he didn't propose any methods.

Senator Cooper. Did he ever say to you or anyone in your presence that the system might be changed if officials were changed or authorities of our country were changed?

Mrs. Oswald. No, he never said that to me.

Senator Cooper. Did he ever express to you any hostility towards any particular official of the United States?

Mrs. Oswald. I know that he didn't like Walker, but I don't know whether you could call him an official.

Senator Cooper. May I ask if you ever heard anyone express to him hostility towards President Kennedy?

Mrs. Oswald. No, never.

Senator Cooper. More specifically, I will ask—did you know Mr. Frazier?

Representative Boggs. Wesley Frazier.

Mrs. Oswald. Oh, yes, that is the boy who took him to work.

Senator Cooper. You never heard him or anyone else express to your husband any hostility towards President Kennedy?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Senator Cooper. Mrs. Paine?

Mrs. Oswald. No.

Senator Cooper. That is all I have.

The Chairman. Mr. Dulles, have you anything further you would like to ask?

Mr. Dulles. Mr. Chief Justice, I only have one question. Mr. Rankin has kindly asked several questions I had during the course of this hearing, these hearings the last 3 days.

Apart from trying to achieve a place in history, can you think of any other motive or anything that your husband felt he would achieve by the act of assassinating the President? That he was trying to accomplish something?

Mrs. Oswald. It is hard for me to say what he wanted to accomplish, because I don't understand him.

The Chairman. Congressman Ford, did you have anything further?

Representative Ford. Mrs. Oswald after President Kennedy was assassinated, your husband was apprehended and later questioned by a number of authorities. In the questioning he denied that he kept a rifle at Mrs. Paine's home. He denied shooting President Kennedy. And he questioned the authenticity of the photographs that you took of him holding the rifle and the holster.

Now, despite these denials by your husband, you still believe Lee Oswald killed President Kennedy?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Representative Ford. That is all.

Representative Boggs. Mr. Chairman, just one or two other questions.

The Chairman. Yes.

Representative Boggs. Mrs. Oswald, when you lived in New Orleans with your husband, and he was active in this alleged Cuban committee, did you attend any meetings of any committees—was anyone else present?

Mrs. Oswald. No, never.

Representative Boggs. Were there any members of the committee other than your husband?

Mrs. Oswald. There was no one. There was no one. There was no organization in New Orleans. Only Lee was there.

Representative Boggs. One other question. Did he also dislike Russia when he was in Russia?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

Representative Boggs. Thank you.

The Chairman. Well, Mrs. Oswald, you have been a very cooperative witness. You have helped the Commission. We are grateful to you for doing this. We realize that this has been a hard ordeal for you to go through.

Mrs. Oswald. It was difficult to speak all the truth.

The Chairman. We hope you know that the questions we have asked you have—none of them have been from curiosity or to embarrass you, but only to report to the world what the truth is.

Now, after you leave here, you may have a copy of everything you have testified to. You may read it, and if there is anything that you think was not correctly recorded, or anything you would like to add to it, you may do so.

Mrs. Oswald. I unfortunately—I cannot—since it will be in English.

The Chairman. Your lawyer may read it for you, and if he points out something to you that you think you should have changed, you may feel free to do that.

Mrs. Oswald. Yes, he will read it.

The Chairman. And if in the future we should like to ask you some more questions about something that develops through the investigation, would you be willing to come back and talk to us again?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

The Chairman. We hope it won't be necessary to disturb you. But if it is, you would be willing to come, would you not?

Mrs. Oswald. Yes.

The Chairman. Thank you very much.

Representative Ford. Mr. Chairman—I would just like to suggest that if Mrs. Oswald does wish to revise any of her testimony, that this be called to the attention of the Commission through her attorney, Mr. Thorne.

The Chairman. Yes, of course. That is the proper procedure.

Now, Mr. Thorne, you have been very cooperative with the Commission. We appreciate that cooperation. We hope that if anything new should come to your attention that would be helpful to the Commission, you would feel free to communicate with us.

Mr. Thorne. Certainly, Mr. Chairman.

The Chairman. Do you care to say anything at this time?

Mr. Thorne. Mr. Chairman, if I may, I would like to make a closing statement.

The Chairman. Yes. And may I say, also, if you have any questions you would like to ask Mrs. Oswald before you make your statement, you may do that.

Mr. Thorne. There are none.

Representative Boggs. Mr. Chairman, I would just like to say Mr. Thorne has been very helpful.

Mr. Thorne. During the noon recess, Mrs. Oswald made four requests of me to make before this Commission.

You have anticipated several of them, but I think there are one or two that need to be covered.

To begin with, she wanted me to express to you, Mr. Chairman, and members of your Commission, her extreme gratitude to you for the consideration and kindness that has been shown to her in these proceedings. She feels you have certainly gone out of your way to make her comfortable, and she has been comfortable, in spite of the sad and tragic events we have been discussing.

Point No. 2, she did want to make it quite clear to the Commission that in the event her testimony was needed for rebuttal or whatever on down the line, she would be available, and at your wish would come to Washington as convenient for you when it was again convenient.

The third point you have already covered. She did request that she be given a copy of these proceedings, which I told her she would receive, and, of course, copies of the exhibits would be attached for her identification and examination.

Mrs. Oswald. And copies of some of the letters?

Mr. Thorne. This will all be attached as exhibits.

And the final point was this. She has been, as you know, under protective custody of the Secret Service from shortly after the assassination. She has been most grateful for this protection. The Secret Service have shown her every courtesy, as everyone has in this matter. She is extremely grateful for this protection they have given her.

I haven't had personally enough time to think this thing out myself. I don't know. It is her request, however, that, at this point she feels the protection is no longer necessary. She feels that at this time she can walk among people with her head held high. She has nothing to hide. She is not afraid.

She feels that the Secret Service has performed a noble service to her. And this is not meant by way of saying for some action on their part she wants to get rid of them.

I have noticed that since we have been in Washington she resents being guided. She feels she can find her way by herself.

And, if the Commission would give this matter consideration—we don't know whom to go to. I haven't thought about it. I don't know who has suggested the Secret Service continue protecting her. It is a matter, of course, that ought to be considered.

But it is her request that as soon as it is practical, she would like to be a free agent and out of the confines of this protection.

I point out to you gentlemen that she is living, as you well know, with Mr. and Mrs. Martin. They have a rather modest home. Three bedrooms. It has a den and it has a combination living and dining room. The house is not extremely large, but there are always two men in the house. This does burden the family. This is not a request on the part of the Martins. They welcome this protection. This is something she thinks in terms of herself that she does not want to feel that she is being held back.

Is that correct?

Mrs. Oswald. What I wanted to say, Mr. Thorne has said.

Mr. Thorne. For my own part, gentlemen, thank you.

The Chairman. Mr. Thorne, we can understand Mrs. Oswald's desire to live a perfectly normal life with her children. Whatever has been done, as you recognize, has been done for her protection, and for her help during these terrible days that she has been going through.

But she may feel from this moment on that she is under no protection, except what she might ask for. And so you are perfectly free, Mrs. Oswald, to live your normal life without any interference from anyone. And should anyone interfere with you, I hope you would call it to the attention of the Commission.

Mrs. Oswald. Thank you very much.

Mr. Thorne. Mr. Chairman, may I add one point, please?

For our purposes, I would appreciate it if this matter of removal, assuming that it is to be removed shortly, is kept secret, also.

I would prefer generally for the public to feel that—at least temporarily—that this protection is available. I don't feel any qualms myself. I don't feel there are any problems. But I think the matter of Mrs. Marguerite Oswald has come up. There may be some problem from some sources.

The Chairman. Mr. Thorne, I think the correct answer to that would be—and it would be the answer we would give—that Mrs. Oswald, in the future, will be given such assistance and only such assistance as she asks for.

Mr. Thorne. Thank you very much, sir.

The Chairman. I want to say also before the session adjourns that we are indebted to Mr. Krimer for the manner in which he has interpreted. Next to the witness, I am sure he has had the hardest position in this whole hearing. And we appreciate the manner in which he has done it.

Mr. Krimer. Thank you very much, sir.

Mrs. Oswald. He is a very good interpreter.

The Chairman. Very well. If there is nothing further to come before the session, we will adjourn.

Mrs. Oswald. I am very grateful to all of you. I didn't think among Americans I would find so many friends.

The Chairman. You have friends here.

Mrs. Oswald. Thank you.

(Whereupon, at 5:50 p.m., the President's Commission recessed.)