Warren Commission Hearings
President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy
Foreword
Testimony of:
Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald
Mrs. Marguerite Oswald
Robert Edward Lee Oswald
James Herbert Martin
Mark Lane
Roy H. Kellerman
William Robert Greer
Clinton J. Hill
Rufus Wayne Youngblood
Robert Hill Jackson
Arnold Louis Rowland
James Richard Worrell, Jr
Amos Lee Euins
Buell Wesley Frazier
Linnie Mae Randle
Cortlandt Cunningham
William Wayne Whaley
Cecil J. McWatters
Katherine Ford
Declan P. Ford
Peter Paul Gregory
James J. Humes
J. Thornton Boswell
Pierre A. Finck
Michael R. Paine
Ruth Hyde Paine
Howard Leslie Brennan
Bonnie Ray Williams
Harold Norman
James Jarman, Jr
Roy Sansom Truly
Marrion L. Baker
Mrs. Robert A. Reid
Luke Mooney
Eugene Boone
M. N. McDonald
Helen Markham
William W. Scoggins
Barbara Jeanette Davis
Ted Callaway
Charles James Carrico
Malcolm Perry
Robert A. Frazier
Ronald Simmons
Cortlandt Cunningham
Joseph D. Nicol
Sebastian F. Latona
Arthur Mandella, accompanied by Joseph A. Mooney
Paul Morgan Stombaugh
James C. Cadigan
Robert Roeder Shaw
Charles Francis Gregory
Gov. John Bowden Connally, Jr
Mrs. John Bowden Connally, Jr
Jesse Edward Curry
J. W. Fritz
T. L. Baker
J. C. Day
Lyndal L. Shaneyfelt
Robert Inman Bouck
Robert Carswell
Winston G. Lawson, accompanied by Fred B. Smith
Alwyn Cole
John W. Fain
John Lester Quigley
James Patrick Hosty, Jr
Alan H. Belmont
Jack Revill
V. J. Brian
Robert A. Frazier
Alfred Olivier
Arthur J. Dziemian
Frederick W. Light, Jr
J. Edgar Hoover
John A. McCone and Richard M. Helms
Thomas J. Kelley
Leo J. Gauthier
Lyndal L. Shaneyfelt
Mrs. John F. Kennedy
Jack Ruby
Henry Wade
Patrick T. Dean
Waggoner Carr
Richard Edward Snyder
John A. McVickar
Abram Chayes
Bernice Waterman
Hon. Dean Rusk
Frances G. Knight
Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald (resumed)
Harris Coulter
Robert Alan Surrey
James J. Rowley
Robert Carswell
Bernard William Weissman, accompanied by Thomas A. Flannery, Esq
Robert G. Klause
Mark Lane (resumed)
President Lyndon B. Johnson
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson
Llewellyn E. Thompson
C. Douglas Dillon
Charles J. Carrico
Malcolm Oliver Perry
William Kemp Clark
Robert Nelson McClelland
Charles Rufus Baxter
Marion Thomas Jenkins
Ronald Coy Jones
Don Teel Curtis
Fouad A. Bashour
Gene Coleman Akin
Paul Conrad Peters
Adolph Hartung Giesecke, Jr
Jackie Hansen Hunt
Kenneth Everett Salyer
Martin G. White
Robert Shaw
Charles Francis Gregory
George T. Shires
Richard Brooks Dulany
Ruth Jeanette Standridge
Jane Carolyn Wester
Henrietta M. Ross
R. J. Jimison
Darrell C. Tomlimson
Diana Hamilton Bowron
Margaret M. Henchliffe
Doris Mae Nelson
Charles Jack Price
Malcolm O. Couch
Tom C. Dillard
James Robert Underwood
James N. Crawford
Mary Ann Mitchell
Barbara Rowland
Ronald B. Fischer
Robert Edwin Edwards
Jean Lollis Hill
Austin L. Miller
Frank E. Reilly
Earle V. Brown
Royce G. Skelton
S. M. Holland
J. W. Foster
J. C. White
Joe E. Murphy
Roger D. Craig
George W. Rackley, Sr
James Elbert Romack
Lee E. Bowers, Jr
B. J. Martin
Bobby W. Hargis
Clyde A. Haygood
E. D. Brewer
D. V. Harkness
J. Herbert Sawyer
Gerald Dalton Henslee
William H. Shelley
Nat A. Pinkston
Billy Nolan Lovelady
Frankie Kaiser
Charles Douglas Givens
Troy Eugene West
Danny G. Arce
Joe R. Molina
Jack Edwin Dougherty
Eddie Piper
Victoria Elizabeth Adams
Geneva L. Hine
Doris Burns
Mary E. Bledsoe
William W. Whaley
Earlene Roberts
Domingo Benavides
Mrs. Charlie Virginia Davis
Johnny Calvin Brewer
Julia Postal
Warren H. Burroughs
Bob K. Carroll
Thomas Alexander Hutson
C. T. Walker
Gerald Lynn Hill
J. M. Poe
John Gibson
James Putnam
Rio S. Pierce
Calvin Bud Owens
William Arthur Smith
George Jefferson Applin, Jr
Ray Hawkins
L. D. Montgomery
Marvin Johnson
Seymour Weitzman
W. R. Westbrook
Elmer L. Boyd
Robert Lee Studebaker
C. N. Dhority
Richard M. Sims
Richard S. Stovall
Walter Eugene Potts
John P. Adamcik
Henry M. Moore
F. M. Turner
Guy F. Rose
W. E. Perry
Richard L. Clark
Don R. Ables
Daniel Gutierrez Lujan
C. W. Brown
L. C. Graves
James R. Leavelle
W. E. Barnes
J. B. Hicks
Harry D. Holmes
James W. Bookhout
Manning C. Clements
Gregory Lee Olds
H. Louis Nichols
Forrest V. Sorrels
William J. Waldman
Mitchell J. Scibor
Heinz W. Michaelis
J. C. Cason
C. N. Dhority
Roy S. Truly
Warren Caster
Eddie Piper
William H. Shelley
Edward Shields
Sam Guinyard
J. C. Day
Thomas J. Kelley
J. W. Fritz
Mary Jane Robertson
Lyndal L. Shaneyfelt
James C. Cadigan
Earlene Roberts
Hon. Ralph W. Yarborough
Kenneth P. O'Donnell
Lawrence F. O'Brien
David F. Powers
Clifton C. Carter
Earle Cabell
Mrs. Earle Cabell
Philip L. Willis
Linda Kay Willis
Helen Markham
Mrs. Donald Baker
James W. Altgens
Harry D. Holmes
Buell Wesley Frazier
Joe Marshall Smith
Welcome Eugene Barnett
Eddy Raymond Walthers
James Thomas Tague
Emmett J. Hudson
Edgar Leon Smith, Jr
Abraham Zapruder
Perdue William Lawrence
Ronald G. Wittmus
Thomas J. Kelley
Robert A. Frazier
Cortlandt Cunningham
Charles L. Killion
Roy Sansom Truly
Forrest V. Sorrels
John Joe Howlett
Marrion L. Baker
Robert Brock
Mary Brock
Harold Russell
David Goldstein
Edward Voebel
William E. Wulf
Bennierita Smith
Frederick S. O'Sullivan
Mildred Sawyer
Anne Boudreaux
Viola Peterman
Myrtle Evans
Julian Evans
Philip Eugene Vinson
Hiram Conway
Lillian Murret
Marilyn Dorothea Murret
Charles Murret
John M. Murret
Edward John Pic, Jr
John Carro
Renatus Hartogs
Evelyn Grace Strickman Siegel
Nelson Delgado
Daniel Patrick Powers
John E. Donovan
Allison G. Folsom, Jr
George Donabedian
James Anthony Botelho
Donald Peter Camarata
Peter Francis Connor
Allen D. Graf
John Rene Heindel
David Christie Murray, Jr
Paul Edward Murphy
Henry J. Roussel, Jr
Mack Osborne
Richard Dennis Call
Erwin Donald Lewis
Martin Isaacs
Pauline Virginia Bates
Max E. Clark
George A. Bouhe
Anna N. Meller
Elena A. Hall
John Raymond Hall
Mrs. Frank H. Ray (Valentina)
Mrs. Igor Vladimir Voshinin
Igor Vladimir Voshinin
Paul M. Raigorodsky
Mrs. Thomas M. Ray (Natalie)
Thomas M. Ray
Samuel B. Ballen
Lydia Dymitruk
Gary E. Taylor
Ilya A. Mamantov
Dorothy Gravitis
Paul Roderick Gregory
Helen Leslie
George S. De Mohrenschildt
Jeanne De Mohrenschildt
Ruth Hyde Paine
John Joe Howlett
Michael R. Paine
Raymond Franklin Krystinik
Everett D. Glover
Carlos Bringuier
Francis L. Martello
Charles Hall Steele, Jr
Charles Hall Steele, Sr
Philip Geraci III
Vance Blalock
Vincent T. Lee
Arnold Samuel Johnson
James J. Tormey
Farrell Dobbs
John J. Abt
Helen P. Cunningham
R. L. Adams
Donald E. Brooks
Irving Statman
Tommy Bargas
Robert L. Stovall
John G. Graef
Dennis Hyman Ofstein
Charles Joseph Le Blanc
Adrian Thomas Alba
Chester Allen Riggs, Jr
Mrs. Mahlon F. Tobias
M. F. Tobias, Sr
Mrs. Jesse Garner
Jesse J. Garner
Richard Leroy Hulen
Colin Barnhorst
Mrs. Arthur Carl (Gladys J.) Johnson
A. C. Johnson
Clifton M. Shasteen
Leonard Edwin Hutchison
Frank Pizzo
Albert Guy Bogard
Floyd Guy Davis
Virginia Louise Davis
Malcolm Howard Price, Jr
Garland Glenwill Slack
Homer Wood
Sterling Charles Wood
Theresa Wood
Glenn Emmett Smith
W. W. Semingsen
Laurance R. Wilcox
John Edward Pic
Edward John Pic, Jr
Kerry Wendell Thornley
George B. Church, Jr
Mrs. George B. Church, Jr
Billy Joe Lord
Alexander Kleinlerer
Mrs. Donald Gibson
Ruth Hyde Paine
M. Waldo George
William Kirk Stuckey
Horace Elroy Twiford
Estelle Twiford
Virginia H. James
James L. Ritchie
Carroll Hamilton Seeley, Jr
Louis Feldsott
J. Philip Lux
Howard Leslie Brennan
Albert C. Yeargan, Jr
Louis Weinstock
Vincent T. Lee
Farrell Dobbs
Virginia Gray
Albert F. Staples
Katherine Mallory
Monica Kramer
Rita Naman
John Bryan McFarland and Meryl McFarland
Pamela Mumford
Dial Duwayne Ryder
Hunter Schmidt, Jr
Charles W. Greener
Gertrude Hunter
Edith Whitworth
Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald, Edith Whitworth, and Gertrude Hunter
Eugene D. Anderson
James A. Zahm
C. A. Hamblen
Robert Gene Fenley
Aubrey Lee Lewis
Dean Adams Andrews, Jr
Evaristo Rodriguez
Orest Pena
Ruperto Pena
Sylvia Odio
Ruth Hyde Paine
Michael Ralph Paine
Edwin A. Walker and Clyde J. Watts
Bernard Weissman
Warren Allen Reynolds
Priscilla Mary Post Johnson
Eric Rogers
James Lehrer
Bardwell D. Odum
James R. Malley
Richard Helms
Peter Megargee Brown
Gary Taylor
Francis L. Martello
John Corporon
Mrs. J. V. Allen
Lillian Murret
John W. Burcham
Emmett Charles Barbe, Jr
Hilda L. Smith
J. Rachal
Bobb Hunley
Robert J. Creel
Helen P. Cunningham
Theodore Frank Gangl
Gene Graves
Robert L. Adams
Ivan D. Lee
James D. Crowley
Charles Batchelor
Jesse E. Curry
J. E. (Bill) Decker
W. B. Frazier
O. A. Jones
Jack Revill
James Maurice Solomon
M. W. Stevenson
Cecil E. Talbert
Charles Oliver Arnett
Buford Lee Beaty
Alvin R. Brock
B. H. Combest
Kenneth Hudson Croy
Wilbur Jay Cutchshaw
Napoleon J. Daniels
William J. Harrison
Harold B. Holly, Jr
Harry M. Kriss
Roy Lee Lowery
Frank M. Martin
Billy Joe Maxey
Logan W. Mayo
Louis D. Miller
William J. Newman
Bobby G. Patterson
Rio S. Pierce
James A. Putnam
Willie B. Slack
Don Francis Steele
Roy Eugene Vaughn
James C. Watson
G. E. Worley
Woodrow Wiggins
Don Ray Archer
Barnard S. Clardy
Patrick Trevore Dean
L. C. Graves
James Robert Leavelle
L. D. Montgomery
Thomas Donald McMillon
Forrest V. Sorrels
Fred A. Bieberdorf
Frances Cason
Michael Hardin
C. E. Hulse
Ira Jefferson “Jack” Beers, Jr
Robert Leonard Hankal
Robert S. Huffaker, Jr
George R. Phenix
Jimmy Turner
Harold R. Fuqua
Edward Kelly
Louis McKinzie
Edward E. Pierce
Alfreadia Riggs
John Olridge Servance
A. M. Eberhardt
Sidney Evans, Jr
Bruce Ray Carlin
Karen Bennett Carlin
Doyle E. Lane
Elnora Pitts
Hal Priddy, Jr
Huey Reeves
Warren E. Richey
Malcolm R. Slaughter
Vernon S. Smart
John Allison Smith
Jesse M. Strong
Ira N. Walker, Jr
John L. Daniels
Theodore Jackson
Andrew Armstrong, Jr
Bertha Cheek
Curtis LaVerne Crafard
Wilbyrn Waldon (Robert) Litchfield II
Alice Reaves Nichols
Robert Carl Patterson
Ralph Paul
George Senator
Nancy Perrin Rich
Earl Ruby
Eva Grant
Sam Ruby
Jack L. Ruby
William Robert Beavers
Bell P. Herndon
Breck Wall (Billy Ray Wilson)
Joseph Alexander Peterson
Harry N. Olsen
Kay Helen Olsen
Hyman Rubenstein
William S. Biggio
Glen D. King
C. Ray Hall
Seth Kantor
William D. Crowe, Jr.
Charles Batchelor
Jesse E. Curry
M. W. Stevenson
Elgin English Crull
J. W. Fritz
Roland A. Cox
Harold J. Fleming
Don Edward Goin
Marvin E. Hall
Cecil E. Talbert
Marjorie R. Richey
James Thomas Aycox
Thomas Stewart Palmer
Joseph Weldon Johnson, Jr
Edward J. Pullman
Herbert B. Kravitz
Joseph Rossi
Norman Earl Wright
Russell Lee Moore (Knight)
Edward C. Dietrich
Eileen Kaminsky
George William Fehrenbach
Eva L. Grant
Victor F. Robertson, Jr.
Frederic Rheinstein
Icarus M. Pappas
John G. McCullough
Abraham Kleinman
Wilma May Tice
Wanda Yvonne Helmick
Nancy Monnell Powell
Kenneth Lawry Dowe
T. M. Hansen, Jr.
Dave L. Miller
Nelson Benton
Frank Bellocchio
John Henry Branch
William Glenn Duncan, Jr.
Garnett Claud Hallmark
Alfred Douglas Hodge
David L. Johnston
Stanley M. Kaufman
Danny Patrick McCurdy
John Wilkins Newnam
Robert L. Norton
Roy A. Pryor
Arthur William Watherwax
Billy A. Rea
Richard L. Saunders
Thayer Waldo
Clyde Franklin Goodson
Ronald Lee Jenkins
Speedy Johnson
Roy E. Standifer
Roger C. Warner
Lawrence V. Meyers
William Kline
Oran Pugh
J. E. Curry
Bruce Ray Carlin
Mrs. Bruce Carlin
Ralph Paul
Harry Tasker
Lyndal L. Shaneyfelt
Paul Morgan Stombaugh
L. J. Lewis
Alwyn Cole
Revilo Pendleton Oliver
B. M. Patterson
Arthur Mandella
John F. Gallagher
Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy
Letter of Transmittal
Foreword
Chapter I. Summary and Conclusions
Chapter II. The Assassination
Chapter III. The Shots From the Texas School Book Depository
Chapter IV. The Assassin
Chapter V. Detention and Death of Oswald
Chapter VI. Investigation of Possible Conspiracy
Chapter VII. Lee Harvey Oswald: Background and Possible Motives
Chapter VIII. The Protection of the President
Appendix I. Executive Order No. 11130
Appendix II. White House Release
Appendix III. Senate Joint Resolution 137
Appendix IV. Biographical Information and Acknowledgments
Appendix V. List of Witnesses
Appendix VI. Commission Procedures for the Taking of Testimony
Appendix VII. A Brief History of Presidential Protection
Appendix VIII. Medical Reports From Doctors at Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Tex.
Appendix IX. Autopsy Report and Supplemental Report
Appendix X. Expert Testimony
Appendix XI. Reports Relating to the Interrogation of Lee Harvey Oswald at the Dallas Police Department
Appendix XII. Speculations and Rumors
Appendix XIII. Biography of Lee Harvey Oswald
Appendix XIV. Analysis of Lee Harvey Oswald’s Finances From June 13, 1962, Through November 22, 1963
Appendix XV. Transactions Between Lee Harvey Oswald and Marina Oswald, and the U.S. Department of State and the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the U.S. Department of Justice
Appendix XVI. A Biography of Jack Ruby
Appendix XVII. Polygraph Examination of Jack Ruby
