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The EU has repeatedly emphasized the role and participation of civil society and of victims of terrorism in the promotion of their rights and the fight against terrorism. For instance, the 2005 EU Counter-Terrorism Strategy141 insists on the role of victims’ associations and their interaction with European institutions in order to improve support for victims of terrorism. Several EU instruments also stress the need to strengthen the participation by and cooperation with local communities, civil society, grassroots actors, NGOs and the private sector in order to prevent terrorist radicalization142. According to these instruments, these actors play an indispensable role in the fight against terrorism, by promoting effective counter-speech and messages against extremist ideology and by helping people at risk to develop a sense of belonging and positive identity143.

Besides, the EU encourages the role of the victims of terrorism in the fight against terrorism and the prevention of radicalization, emphasizing the effectiveness of their speeches in “de-legitimizing” the terrorist narrative and illustrating the disastrous human consequences of terrorist attacks144. For instance, the 2018 Resolution on findings and recommendations of the Special Committee on Terrorism notes that meetings in schools with victims of terrorist attacks can be an effective instrument to prevent radicalization145.