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Professionals using DESNs engage in a poly-contextual activity where different activity streams are managed in parallel, based on different work objects that may be juxtaposed or diametrically opposed (Engeström et al. 1995). The goals and means to carry out this activity are systematically different, involving collectives that often do not belong to the same profession, for purposes that may vary according to the people involved and the service objectives (Engeström 2008a).

The actor thus combines several activity systems that are constantly being impacted by the intentions and expectations of their colleagues, the effects of the division of labor and the tools used, as well as their own motivations and needs. The complexity is then to manage to articulate a professional practice that makes sense by “knitting” thier daily activity at the intersection of several activity systems and networks. This “knitting” makes it possible to formalize this extremely rapid, flexible and efficient mode of action (“knots”), which frees itself from the usual spaces and rules of operation, to focus on the moment and concrete needs. These “knots” correspond to the orchestration of a collective, distributed and partially improvised performance between actors or systems of activity that are otherwise weakly connected to each other (Engeström 2008a) (see Figure 2.2).

Figure 2.2. Third generation of the activity system. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/bobillierchaumon/digital.zip