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Industries are now entering a new industrial era, referred to as the Industry of the Future or the Factory of the Future. In this context, French companies are seeking, by increasing their level of dematerialization and implementing new technologies, to be more innovative, flexible and competitive. Virtual reality is one of these technologies. The Technologies Clés report (2016) by the Direction Générale des Entreprises identifies it as a technology of the future, alongside 46 other technologies, such as robotics, artificial intelligence or the Internet of Things.

In view of its technical developments, virtual reality now seems easier to implement in companies, especially since head-mounted displays (HMD) are now accessible to the general public, their price has dropped sharply and many virtual reality applications are offered for sale.

The aim of this chapter is to better understand what virtual reality is, to present the type of devices it mobilizes, as well as to illustrate how it is used, particularly in professional contexts.