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Every management system standard includes a scope that states and defines the area it covers. It is not uncommon for standard users to skip looking at the scope and go directly to its content – which is often thought of as “the auditable part.” However, it is important to consider the standard's scope before working with its content, especially if system certification will be pursued, or if an integrated (e.g. OH&S, environment, and quality) system is being developed.

ISO 45001's scope states: “this document specifies requirements for an Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) management system, and gives guidance for its use, to enable organizations to provide safe and healthy workplaces by preventing work‐related injury and ill health as well as by proactively improving its OH&S performance” (46). An important point in the scope of this standard is that it “does not state specific criteria for OH&S performance, nor is it prescriptive about the design of an OH&S management system” (46). Rather, it points to achieving performance outcomes that are consistent with the OH&S policy. The importance of this is that it reflects the intent for the use of the standard as a risk management tool rather than as prescriptive instrument such as is found in governmental regulations.

FIGURE 5 Relationship between PDCA and ISO 45001 (45).

Source: International Organization for Standardization (14). Public Domain.

Determining the scope (or coverage) of an organization's OHSMS's is a critical first step in the development and implementation of its management system. These considerations include clarity on: operations covered by the OHSMS, such as a single plant, multiple ones, or corporate‐wide, and the activities covered. As determined by the organization, environmental, sustainability, or product safety can be added to the scope of the OHSMS, or visa‐versa, but integration is not a requirement of ISO 45001:2018. If an OHSMS's scope is expanded beyond OH&S, consideration should be given to potential complications if certification will be sought only for the OHSMS (e.g. 45001) component.

Guidance and requirements for determining the OHSMS's scope are provided in Section §4.3, where it states “the organization shall determine the boundaries and applicability of the OH&S management system to establish its scope. When determining this scope, the organization shall: consider the external and internal issues referred to in §4.1; take into account the requirements referred to in §4.2; and, take into account the planned or performed work‐related activities.” As well, the scope needs to “be available as documented information” (47).