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All OHSMS approaches include top management leadership and commitment requirements, ISO 45001:2018 continues this, and defines (§3.12) top management as a “person or group of people who directs and controls an organization at the highest level” (50). Notes to this definition state that: “top management has the power to delegate authority and provide resources within the organization, provided ultimate responsibility for the OH&S management system is retained; and, if the scope of the management system covers only part of an organization, then top management refers to those who direct and control that part of the organization” (50).

This section (§5.1) contains guidance and requirements related to top management “demonstrate[ing] leadership and commitment with respect to the OH&S management system” (51). These include: taking responsibility and accountability for the prevention of work‐related injury and ill health; ensuring the integration of the OHSMS into business processes; and ensuring that there are sufficient resources for the OHSMS's functioning – to name a few.

Three clauses that demonstrate important advancements from earlier OHSMS approaches are §5.1.j, §5.1.k, and §5.1.m.

 Clause j requires that “top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to the OH&S management system by developing, leading, and promoting a culture in the organization that supports the intended outcomes of the OH&S management system” (51). This requirement reinforces the role that “culture” has in OH&S performance, and while directed at top management, it provides industrial hygiene and OH&S professionals with an important tool.

 Clause k requires that “top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to the OH&S management system by protecting workers from reprisals when reporting incidents, hazards, risks, and opportunities” (51). This requirement supports greater worker engagement.

 Clause m requires that “top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to the OH&S management system by supporting the establishment and functioning of health and safety committees” (51). This requirement helps promote greater participation and transparency.