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ISO 45001 references 37 terms and definitions. Key definitions include (48):

Worker (3.3) is defined as “person performing work or work‐related activities that are under the control of the organization.” In the evolution of OHSMS approaches, there has been movement toward this characterization (worker) versus using the term “employee” to reflect that there are contract and temporary workers, who are conducting activities with health and safety implications, that are under an organization's “control.” Note 2 for this definition indicates that workers include top management, as well as managerial and non‐managerial personnel.

Injury and ill health (3.18) is defined as “adverse effect on the physical, mental or cognitive condition of a person.” New here is the term “cognitive condition.” When implementing ISO 45001:2018, consideration should be given on how this term will be interpreted/defined.

Risk (3.20) is defined as “effect of uncertainty.” This is a generic definition used throughout ISO's MSS. It is meant to include direct risk to hazards as well as risks to the performance of the management system. To OH&S professionals, this at first seems like an odd definition since the common definition in OH&S is “combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure.” This more common definition is included in ISO 45001 as “OH&S risk” (3.21).

OH&S opportunity (3.22) is defined as “circumstance or set of circumstances that can lead to improvement of OH&S performance.” As indicated earlier, this is a relatively new distinction in MSs in general as well as OHSMSs. It reflects an evolution in OHSMS approaches to focus on only on risk‐related issues, but also to expand perspective and proactively look for, and act on, opportunities to OH&S improve performance.