Читать книгу Patty's Industrial Hygiene, Program Management and Specialty Areas of Practice - Группа авторов - Страница 37

While all of this section's (§6) requirements are important, perhaps most significant are the requirements related to “actions to address risks and opportunities.” Central to the IH/OH&S profession is the identification of hazards, and assessing and prioritizing associated risks. ISO 45001:2018, as have other OHSMSs, provides robust guidance on this process, a process that then establishes a foundation for a number of actions, such as establishing objectives and determining controls, to name a few. As already mentioned, the inclusion of the term “opportunities” here is relatively new in the historical development of OHSMS approaches. An example of when an “opportunity” might occur is when an organization is updating a process. The organization can choose the one with the greatest OH&S improvement even though it may be more difficult or costly to implement.

Robust requirements are included related to hazard identification (6.1.2.1), “the organization shall establish, implement, and maintain a process(es) for hazard identification that is ongoing and proactive” (58). From an audit perspective, consideration needs to be given to what constitutes “ongoing” and how to demonstrate this. In well‐functioning OHSMSs, this issue points to establishing feedback channels for hazard identification‐related data that arises from any number of activities, such as audits, accident reports, or worker complaints. The requirement to be proactive, while not absent in intent in early OHSMS approaches, is clearly stated here.

Of particular interest related to hazards is the requirement that the process for hazard identification (§6.1.2.1.a) also take into account “how work is organized, social factors (including workload, work hours, victimization, harassment, and bullying), leadership, and the culture in the organization.” Language in this section makes clear that hazard identification extends in to “locations not under the direct control of the organization” that has an impact on the organization's workers and workplaces. (§6.1.2.1.e.3). This includes multiemployer work locations and “situations not controlled by the organization and occurring in the vicinity of the workplace that can cause injury and ill health to persons in the workplace” (58).

A distinction is made between OH&S risks and “other risks to the OH&S management system” (§6.1.2.2). OH&S risks refers to what could be considered tradition risks, such as a chemical exposure, slips, trips, falls, etc. Risks to the OH&S management system refers to things that can affect OH&S performance, such as day‐to‐day operations and decision‐making, regulatory changes, the organizational culture, changes in resources, to name a few. A methodology for assessing OH&S risks is required, this needs to “be defined with respect to their scope, nature, and timing to ensure they are proactive rather than reactive” (58).