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Infectious Disease Management in Animal Shelters
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Вернуться на страницу книги Infectious Disease Management in Animal Shelters
Оглавление
Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Infectious Disease Management in Animal Shelters
Страница 8
Страница 9
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction to Infectious Disease Management in Animal Shelters
1.1 Why This Book?
1.1.1 Fundamentals of Disease Control in Shelters
1.1.2 The Production Medicine Model
1.1.3 What's New in the Second Edition?
1.2 The Growth of Shelter Medicine
1.2.1 Continued Advances in Animal Shelter Management
1.3 Capacity for Care: Blending Shelter Medicine and Management
1.3.1 Right‐Sizing the Population
1.3.2 Length of Stay (LOS)
1.3.2.1 Pathway Planning and Daily Rounds
1.3.2.2 Fast Track Management and Open Selection
1.3.2.2.1 Fast Track Management
1.3.2.2.2 Open Selection
1.3.2.3 Other Methods to Reduce the Length of Stay
1.3.3 The Importance of Good Housing
1.3.4 Balancing Intake and Positive Outcomes
1.4 Conclusion
References
2 Wellness
2.1 Introduction: Wellness Defined
2.2 The Critical Importance of Wellness Protocols for Shelters
2.2.1 Goals of a Shelter Wellness Program
2.2.2 Quality of Life
2.2.3 Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal Shelters
2.2.4 Considerations Regarding Infectious Disease Transmission
2.2.4.1 Population Management and Capacity for Care
2.2.4.2 Components of a Shelter Wellness Program
2.3 The Problem‐Oriented Approach to Shelter Medicine
2.3.1 Step 1: Database Collection
2.3.1.1 History
2.3.1.2 Physical and Behavioral Examination
2.3.2 Step 2: Problem Identification
2.3.3 Steps 3: Plan Formulation
2.3.4 Step 4: Assessment and Follow‐Up
2.3.5 Medical Record Keeping and Data Collection
2.4 Policy and Protocol Development
2.5 Wellness: Physical Health
2.5.1 Vaccination
2.5.2 Parasite Control and Prevention
2.5.3 Spay‐Neuter
2.5.4 Identification (Collar/Tag, Microchip)
2.5.5 Proper Nutrition and Physical Exercise
2.5.6 Grooming
2.5.7 Periodontal/Oral Disease Prevention
2.5.8 Individual‐Specific Care
2.6 Wellness: BehavioralHealth
2.6.1 The Role of Stress
2.6.2 Behavioral Needs of Cats and Dogs
2.7 Proper Housing
2.7.1 Long‐Term Housing
2.7.2 Housing Design Considerations
2.8 Enrichment
2.9 Environmental Wellness
2.9.1 Emotional Environment
2.9.2 Physical Environment 2.9.2.1 Population Density
2.9.2.2 Segregation of Animals and Traffic Patterns
2.9.2.3 Sanitation (Cleaning and Disinfection)
2.9.2.4 Other Facility Operations
2.9.2.5 Staff Training
2.10 Conclusion
References
3 Data Surveillance
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Disease Surveillance
3.2.1 Importance of Disease Surveillance
3.2.2 Clear Objectives
3.2.3 Diseases/Signs to Surveil
3.2.4 Data Collection, Analysis, Interpretation, and Communication
3.2.5 Frequency of Review, Interpretation and Communication
3.2.6 Data Quality and Administrative Buy‐In
3.2.7 Recording Changes Affecting the Surveillance Program
3.3 Length of Stay (LOS) in Shelters
3.4 Capacity for Care
3.4.1 Housing Capacity
3.4.2 Staffing Capacity
3.5 Other Disease‐Related Metrics
3.6 Software Needs
3.7 Shelters Without Shelter‐Specific Software
3.8 The Future
3.9 Summary
References
4 Diagnostic Testing
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Obtaining Diagnostic Samples
Box 4.1
Minimum Recommended Diagnostic Testing Supplies and Equipment Supplies
Equipment
Test Kits
4.3 Types of Diagnostic Tests
4.3.1 Core Diagnostic Tools 4.3.1.1 Case History
4.3.1.2 Physical Examination
4.3.1.3 Response to Treatment
4.3.2 Primary Diagnostic Testing 4.3.2.1 ELISA
4.3.2.2 Diagnostic Cytology
4.3.2.3 Fecal Examination
4.3.2.4 Urinalysis
4.3.3 Secondary Diagnostic Testing 4.3.3.1 Complete Blood Count and Blood Chemistry Analysis
4.3.3.2 Additional Secondary Tests
4.3.4 Diagnostic Laboratory Tests 4.3.4.1 Serology
4.3.4.1.1 Primary Binding Tests (Note that ELISAs including lateral flow assays are common primary binding tests; these have been discussed earlier in the text.)
4.3.4.1.2 Secondary Binding Tests
4.3.4.1.3 Tertiary Tests
4.3.4.1.4 Molecular Assays
4.3.4.2 Microbiological Tests
4.4 Indications for Diagnostic Testing
4.4.1 Individual Animal Testing
Box 4.2
Diagnostic Testing Considerations Shelter Operations
Testing Methodology
Animal and Human Health
Disease Characteristics
4.4.2 Population Level Testing
4.5 Accuracy and Testing Strategy
4.6 Standard Operating Procedures 4.6.1 Protocol Development and Staff Training
4.6.2 Diagnostic Algorithms
4.7 Conclusion
References
5 Necropsy Techniques
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Why Sample Tissues at Necropsy?
5.3 The Necropsy 5.3.1 General Considerations
5.3.2 Documentation 5.3.2.1 Written Data
5.3.2.2 Photographic Data
5.4 Steps in Performing a Necropsy 5.4.1 The Materials Needed for a Necropsy
5.4.2 General Information
5.4.2.1 Resources for Performing a Complete Necropsy
5.4.2.2 Opening the Animal for Analysis and Sampling
5.4.2.3 Necropsy Analysis and Sampling, a Beginning
5.4.2.4 Tissue Checklist for Necropsy
5.5 The Diagnostic Shelter Necropsy
5.5.1 Sampling a Carcass, General Considerations
5.5.2 Necropsy and Sampling for Gastrointestinal Disease
5.5.2.1 Tissue Checklist forGastrointestinal Disease
5.5.2.2 Parvovirus (Canine Parvovirus (CPV), Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV))
5.5.2.2.1 Gross Findings of Parvoviral Disease
5.5.3 Respiratory Disease, General
5.5.3.1 Tissue Checklist for Respiratory Disease
5.5.3.2 Common Respiratory Diseases in the Shelter
5.5.3.2.1
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)
5.5.3.2.2 Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease (CIRD, “Kennel Cough,” Multiple Agents)
5.5.3.2.3 Canine Influenza: (CIV)
5.5.3.2.4 Feline infectious respiratory disease (FIRD) (Upper respiratory infection (URI))
5.6 Other Shelter Necropsies 5.6.1 Necropsy on a Previously Healthy Animal Found Dead 5.6.1.1 Acute Death
5.6.2 Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
5.7 Conclusion
References
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