Читать книгу Advances in Radiation Therapy - Группа авторов - Страница 18

The immunosuppressive microenvironment is the target of cytokine-based cancer immunotherapies. Allowing the T cells to invade the tumour, polarising them into an antitumour Th1 phenotype, and prompting their clonal expansion and cytolytic activity might be achieved by targeting cytokines to the tumour [36, 37]. Interleukin (IL)-2 has been used successfully in advanced melanoma over recent decades [38, 39]. The major drawback is that, depending on the exact concentration, IL-2 might either foster clonal expansion of antitumour T cells or might even reinforce immunosuppression by enhancing the number and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells [40]. IL-12 is more specific for prompting Th1 responses and has also been tested in clinical trials showing good antitumour effects, yet the toxicities, including patient deaths, stopped further development [41]. Immunocytokines are fusion proteins of cytokines attached to (a part) of tumour-targeting antibodies. These constructs have been tested preclinically and clinically in lymphomas and other solid tumours [42, 43].