Читать книгу Advances in Radiation Therapy - Группа авторов - Страница 19

Among various other immunotherapy strategies, the following have been chosen exemplarily as they have already been introduced to clinical trials in combination with radiotherapy. As TGFβ is known to be immunosuppressive and is induced in irradiated tissue (mostly studied in the context of radiation-induced fibrosis [44]), inhibition of TGFβ is an additional strategy to overcome intratumoural immunosuppression. Blocking of TGFβ by fresolimumab has shown initial signs of antitumour activity in a phase I study [45]. In analogy to immune checkpoint inhibition blocking negative regulators of T cell activation, the targeting of immunostimulatory molecules on T cells might enhance effector functions. CD40, 4–1BB, and OX40 are part of a class of molecules called the tumour necrosis factor receptor family. As reviewed by Moran et al. [46], they are targets for immunostimulatory drugs to enhance antitumour immunity. In addition to targeting T cells, strategies have been developed to enhance antigen presentation by dendritic cells such as toll-like receptor agonists [47].