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Inactive adults have 20–30% increased risk of all-cause mortality.

Given the severe public health effects of physical inactivity, efficient multisectoral and multidisciplinary policies need to be implemented, in order to achieve an increase in PA in the population worldwide. Under this scope, in 2013, WHO member states agreed to a target of reducing sedentariness by 10% by 2025 in the “Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013–2020.” The WHO suggested four policy actions for achieving this PA goal:

1 Adopt and implement national guidelines on PA for health.

2 Develop policy measures to promote PA through activities of daily living, including active transport, recreation, leisure, and sport.

3 Create and preserve built and natural environments that support PA in schools, universities, workplaces, clinics, and hospitals, and in the wider community.FIGURE 3.2 (a) Country prevalence of insufficient physical activity in women in 2016. (b) Country prevalence of insufficient physical activity in men in 2016.Source: Reprinted with permission from Guthold et al. (2018).

4 Implement evidence‐informed public campaigns through mass media, social media, and at the community level to inform and motivate adults and young people to be more physically active.

The WHO has published guidelines to assist the member states and other stakeholders in the development and implementation of national PA plans and to provide guidance on policy options for effective promotion of PA at the national level. Most European and American countries have indeed integrated the promotion of PA at least to some extent in their national health and other policies. However, there is a need to continue updating the policies, both methodologically and substantially, in order to combat the current global sedentariness epidemic and promote the adoption of PA guidelines.