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After characterization of existing systems and processes is complete, conduct a gap analysis. This is typically an assessment of current state versus the desired future state such as conformance with an OHSMS standard. A gap analysis provides information on the degree to which specific OHSMS requirements are currently in place or being met, and the extent to which they integrated in the organization's business and operational processes. In some instances, it may be clear that an element is not at all present and associated activities are not being performed. In other instances, it may be the case that an element's requirements are being partially fulfilled. Finally, there may be complete fulfillment, but actions have not been documented. Whichever the case, the gap analysis is an important step in gaining an understanding of what actions need to be taken for development and implementation.

Documentation of gap analysis activities can serve to demonstrate continual improvement activities, if needed, for system certification certification (Figure 8).