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Whether an audit is conducted by internal personnel or an external second or third party, there needs to be clarity on the audit scope, objectives, and goals. The audit process should not start until clear objectives have been established along with a commitment to take action on identified gaps. In the case of achieving certification to, say ISO 45001:2018, the goal is clear, certification. However, the scope needs to be clear in the instance where there may be multiple locations or whether the corporate system is included when certification is sought at a specific plant. When both an OH&S and EMS are present, there needs to be clarity on whether both systems are included or whether the location considers these integrated systems. It is common for sites to have an integrated management system that includes both OH&S and environmental management elements. When defining the audit scope, it is important to understand if a stand‐alone OHSMS or an integrated EHSMS is being audited.

Management system standards are periodically updated, so it is important that auditors understand which version of a particular management system standard is being used by a location.