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Variant readings are usually spelled out in full in the apparatus.

…

Three periods (…) represent the text of the edition where the variant form cited is in agreement with it (cf. Lk 22,55 ⸂).

2 3 1 4 5

Variants of word order comprising at least four words can be represented by italic numerals which correspond to the order of the words in the text (1 = the first word in the text, etc.). This convention is followed not just for variants of transposition indicated by the sign ⸉, but also for alternative forms within a single variation unit, if the wording is changed by transposition or omission (cf. Jn 12,18 ⸂).

In a limited number of instances, where a subvariant differs only slightly from a main variant, the wording in the apparatus is not given in full. In such instances the witness for the subvariant is given with the following qualifications.

( )

Witnesses which show only minor differences are noted in parentheses ( ) along with the witnesses for the main variant (cf. the minuscule 700 at Mt 14,24 ⸂; sys at Mt 26,60 ⸇; Clement of Alexandria at Mt 5,36 ⸂).

The readings of Greek witnesses cited in parentheses are given in Appendix II. The more important subvariants, however, continue to be noted within the parentheses of the apparatus as before (cf. Mt 7,21 ⸆; Mt 24,48 ⸂).

[ ]

Brackets [ ] enclose variants of punctuation.

The witnesses for a reading are always given in the same sequence: Greek manuscripts, versions, patristic citations (separated by semicolons). For Greek manuscripts the order of papyri, uncials, minuscules and lectionaries is observed, and for the early versions the order of Latin, Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, Georgian, Gothic, Ethiopic and Church Slavonic.

Greek manuscripts are cited in their numeric order according to the list of manuscripts. In Appendix I further information about each manuscript may be found (date, present location and content).

The following superscript signs following manuscript numbers distinguish various readings in the same manuscript or qualify (as vid) the relative certainty of a decision:

*

* identifies the original reading when a correction has been made.

c

c identifies a correction made by a later hand, but sometimes also by the first hand.

1.2.3

1.2.3 identifies a correction made by the first, second, or third corrector.

If used with the majuscules ℵ, B, C and D (05 and 06) superscript signs identify groups of correctors.

ℵ (01):	ℵ1 (4th-6th cent.); ℵ1a/ℵ1b (for differences within the group ℵ1); ℵ2 (from circa 7th cent.); ℵ2a/ℵ2b (with differences within the group ℵ2); ℵ3 (12th cent.); ℵc (not assigned to a group)
B (03):	B1 (roughly contemporaneous with B); B2 (6th/7th cent.); B3 (13th cent.)
C (04):	C1 (roughly contemporaneous with C); C2 (circa 6th cent.); C3 (circa 9th cent.)
D (05):	D1 (6th-7th cent.); D2 (circa 9th cent.); D3 (12th cent.); Dc (younger hand, not assigned to a group)
D (06):	D1 (7th cent.); D2 (circa 9th cent.); Dc (younger hand, not assigned to a group)

v.l.

v.l. (= varia lectio) indicates a reading recorded in a manuscript as an alternative reading (v.l. is coordinated with the superscript sign txt).

com

com (= commentarius) marks a reading cited in the commentary part of an Apocalypse commentary manuscript, if it differs from the lemma text (com is coordinated with the superscript sign txt).

txt

txt (= textus) as a superscript sign indicates the reading in the text of a manuscript which also records an alternative reading (txt is coordinated with the superscript sign v.l. or com).

mg

mg (= in margine) indicates a reading in the margin of a manuscript without being identified as either a correction or an alternative reading.

s

s (= supplementum) indicates a reading derived from a later addition to a manuscript, usually replacing a lost folio or section of a manuscript. Such replacements are identified in the Manuscript List (Appendix I) for the consistently cited witnesses.

vid

vid (= ut videtur) indicates that the reading attested by a witness cannot be determined with absolute certainty. This is frequently true of papyri and palimpsests. Corrections may also require the sign vid if the original reading of the manuscript is no longer clearly legible. The sign vid always indicates a high degree of probability, usually based on some surviving letters or parts of letters. When an inference is drawn from the extent of a lacuna, it is carefully verified that the manuscript cannot be cited equally well for other readings in the tradition.

The following group signs are used (the first one, , is particularly important):



 (= Majority text, including the Byzantine Koine text) indicates readings supported by the majority of all manuscripts, i.e., always including manuscripts of the Koine type in the narrow sense.  therefore represents the witness of the Koine text type.  has the status of a consistently cited witness. Consequently in instances of a negative apparatus, where support for the text is not given, the reading attested by  may safely be inferred: if it is not otherwise explicitly cited, it agrees with txt (= the text).

pm

pm (= permulti) is used in place of the sign  when the witness of the Majority text is divided in fairly equal strength between two (rarely three) variant readings. The abbreviation pm appears then with both Majority text readings. If one of these readings is in agreement with the text, and the apparatus does not list the support for txt, the sign pm appears only once.

Byz

Byz (= Codices Byzantini) is used only in cases where the ECM has already appeared, i. e. up to now in the Catholic Letters. For the ECM the text of the majority of Codices Byzantini was determined by means of almost pure representatives of the mainstream tradition.7

Byzpt

Byz partim (= a part of the Codices Byzantini) is used at passages where the selected representatives show that the Byzantine tradition is split. In the ECM apparatus the symbol Byz is abandoned in such cases, because the representatives are cited individually. As these manuscripts are not counted among the ones selected for the present edition, their respective variants are marked by Byzpt.