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The various Syriac versions (Vetus Syra ca. 3rd/4th cent.; Peshitta ca. 4th/5th cent.; Philoxeniana A.D. 507/508; Harklensis A.D. 615/616) are characterized by different translation principles, from a very free, idiomatically correct rendering at the beginning, to a degree of fidelity to the Greek text so extreme that it violates natural Syriac idiom. Any evaluation of these versions as witnesses to the Greek text must bear this in mind. The later versions, with their literal and formal parallelism, are most frequently cited because their translation base is most easily determined. The Syriac versions are indicated as follows:

sy

sy: The entire Syriac tradition supports the variant cited. In Jc, 1P and 1J this statement refers to all the Peshitta and Harklensis manuscripts included, in 2P, 2/3J and Jd to all the Philoxeniana and Harklensis manuscripts included, in all other NT writings to all the Syriac editions included.

Vetus Syra is preserved in two manuscripts (Syrus Sinaiticus and Syrus Curetonianus). They exhibit textual differences, and are always cited individually. Syrus Curetonianus offers a revised form of the translation preserved by Syrus Sinaiticus. They are cited from the following editions:

sys

sys (= Syrus Sinaiticus). The Old Syriac Gospels or Evangelion da-mepharreshê, being the text of the Sinai or Syro-Antiochene Palimpsest, ed. by Agnes Smith Lewis, London 1910.

This Gospels manuscript (palimpsest, IV/V) contains the following lacunae: Mt 6,10-8,3; 16,15-17,11; 20,25-21,20; 28,7-end; Mk 1,1-12; 1,44-2,21; 4,18-41; 5,26-6,5; Lk 1,16-38; 5,28-6,11; Jn 1,1-25; 1,47-2,15; 4,38-5,6; 5,25-46; 14,10-11; 18,31-19,40.

syc

syc (= Syrus Curetonianus). Evangelion da-mepharreshê. The Curetonian Version of the Four Gospels, ed. by F. Crawford Burkitt, Cambridge 1904.

D. L. McConaughy, “A recently discovered folio of the Old Syriac (Syc) text of Luke 16,13-17,1”, Biblica 68 (1987): 85-88.

This Gospels manuscript (parchment, V) is also defective, with the following lacunae: Mt 8,23-10,31; 23,25-end; Mk 1,1-16,17; Lk 1,1-2,48; 3,16-7,33; 24,44-51; Jn 1,42-3,5; 8,19-14,10; 14,12-15; 14,19-21.24-26; 14,29-end.

For text-critical decisions regarding the citation of Syrus Curetonianus the following special editions were used:

George A. Kiraz, Comparative Edition of the Syriac Gospels (see under syh);

E. Jan Wilson, The Old Syriac Gospels. Studies and Comparative Translations, 2 vols. Louaize /Piscataway-NJ 22003.

syp

syp (= Peshitta). The Peshitta is the most widely accepted of the Syriac versions (its canon lacks the shorter Catholic letters and Revelation). It is cited from the British and Foreign Bible Society edition:

J. Pinkerton and R. Kilgour, The New Testament in Syriac, London 1920 (frequently reprinted).

This edition has no critical apparatus, but derives its text of the Gospels from the critical edition of:

Ph. E. Pusey and G. H. Gwilliam, Tetraevangelium Sanctum iuxta simplicem Syrorum versionem, Oxford 1901 (Piscataway 2003).

For Jc, 1P and 1J the edition by B. Aland (1986; see under syh) was used.

syph

syph (= Philoxeniana). This first Monophysite Syriac Bible version, commissioned by Bishop Philoxenus of Mabbug in A.D. 507/508, has not survived in its entirety. The shorter Catholic letters (2 Pet, 2/3 Jn, Jd) and Revelation have been preserved in a group of manuscripts. Their assignment to Philoxeniana is not positive. In any event the version was made in the 6th century, and is cited here from the following editions:

John Gwynn (ed.), Remnants of the Later Syriac Versions of the Bible, Part I: New Testament, the Four Minor Catholic Epistles in the Original Philoxenian Version, London/Oxford 1909 (Piscataway 2005).14

John Gwynn (ed.), The Apocalypse of St. John in a Syriac version hitherto unknown, Dublin/London 1897 (Piscataway 2005).

syh

syh (= Harklensis). The version made by Thomas of Harkel in A.D. 616 is the only Syriac version containing the entire New Testament.

The Harklean version of the Gospels is cited from George A. Kiraz, Comparative Edition of the Syriac Gospels. Aligning the Sinaiticus, Curetonianus, Peshîttâ and Harklean Versions, 4 vols [NTTS XXI/1-4], Leiden 1996 (Piscataway 32004). Owing to the adoption of these new editions, many Syriac notes in the Gospels were revised.

Acts still has to be cited according to the Editio princeps based mainly on the manuscript New College 333 (Oxford, circa 12th cent.). Its editor, J. White, erroneously assigned this witness to the Versio Philoxeniana: Actuum Apostolorum et Epistolarum tam Catholicarum quam Paulinarum versio syriaca Philoxeniana cum interpretatione et annotationibus. Oxonii 1799-1803.

The Harklean version of the Pauline Letters is cited according to the following edition, which documents the entire Syriac tradition including the most important quotations by Syriac patristic authors: B. Aland/A. Juckel, Das Neue Testament in Syrischer Überlieferung, vol. II: Die Paulinischen Briefe. Teil 1: Röm und 1.Kor, ANTT 14; Teil 2: 2.Kor, Gal, Eph, Phil und Kol, ANTT 23; Teil 3: 1./2. Thess, 1./2. Tim, Tit, Phm und Hebr, ANTT 32. Berlin-New York 1991-1995-2002.

For the Longer Catholic Letters the following edition was used: B. Aland, in conjunction with A. Juckel, Das Neue Testament in Syrischer Überlieferung, vol. I: Die Katholischen Briefe, ANTT 7. Berlin-New York 1986. - An additional Harklensis manuscript, MS syr 15 of the John Rylands University Library in Manchester, was not yet available for this edition, but could be cited in the ECM.

For 2P, 2J, 3J and Jd unpublished collations of the manuscripts used for Jc, 1P and 1J were used.

Revelation is cited according to the photographic edition by A. Vööbus, The Apocalypse in the Harklean Version. A Facsimile Edition of MS. Mardin Orth. 35, fol. 143r-159v (CSCO 400/subs. 56). Louvain 1978.

syhmg

syhmg: Marginal reading in the Harklensis supporting the variant cited. The marginal reading does not originate from the Harklensis Vorlage itself, but from Greek manuscripts consulted for this purpose. In the Catholic Letters this is true for all the Harklensis manuscripts included (in so far as they contain marginal readings), in Revelation for the manuscript used, in the rest of the NT for the Harklensis edition(s) used.

syh**

syh**: Harklensis reading enclosed by critical signs (asterisk and metobelos) which supports the variant cited. A reading marked this way does not originate from the Harklensis Vorlage itself, but from Greek manuscripts consulted for this purpose. In the Catholic Letters this is true for all the Harklensis manuscripts included (in so far as they contain marginal readings), in Revelation for the manuscript used, in the rest of the NT for the Harklensis edition(s) used.

(sy)

(sy): All the Syriac manuscripts extant for the passage witness with some slight variation from the Greek reading indicated.

sy(s), sy(c), sy(p), sy(h), sy(ph)

sy(s), sy(c), sy(p), sy(h), sy(ph): All the Syriac versions extant for the passage witness to the Greek reading indicated. Only the version shown in parentheses shows some slight variation.

(sys), (syc), (syp), (syh), (syph)

(sys), (syc), (syp), (syh), (syph): The Syriac version shown in parentheses shows some slight variation from the Greek reading indicated.

In the Catholic Letters only:

ms

ms: One manuscript of the version indicated supports the variant cited.

mss

mss: Two or more manuscripts of the version indicated support the variant cited.