Читать книгу Genomic and Epigenomic Biomarkers of Toxicology and Disease - Группа авторов - Страница 71

At present, the diagnosis of MM is mainly based on histopathology, but it is difficult to distinguish some cases from metastatic carcinoma only by pathology. Some scholars have found that the expression of miR-145 (Casarsa et al. 2011; Cioce et al. 2014; Schramm et al. 2010) and miR-16 (Reid et al. 2013) in MM tissues is significantly downregulated; and in vitro experiments have also found that the expression of these two miRNAs in MM cell lines is significantly downregulated. Further study found that miR-16 can, specifically, bind to the 3 UTR of BCL-2 and CCND-1, induce apoptosis of MM cells, and inhibit cell proliferation and clone formation by inhibiting the expression of its target genes BCL-2 and CCND-1. This indicates that miR-16 may have the effect of inhibiting the growth of MM.

Significant downregulation of miR-126, miR-143, miR-145, and miR-652 can be used to distinguish malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from reactive mesothelial hyperplasia. Logistic regression analysis has shown that it had high sensitivity and specificity (0.96 area under the curve) to distinguish MPM from non-tumor mesothelium, and the overall accuracy reached 94% (Andersen et al. 2014).

This being the case, the expression of miRNAs may become a new clinical diagnostic method, to be used as a supplement to the current immunohistochemical methods, and may improve the diagnosis rate.