Читать книгу Latin Phrase-Book - Auden Henry William - Страница 29
V. Human Life; its various Relations and Conditions
7. Misfortune – Fate – Ruin
Оглавлениеfortuna adversa– misfortune, adversity.
res adversae, afflictae, perditae– misfortune, adversity.
in calamitatem incidere– to be overtaken by calamity.
calamitatem accipere, subire– to suffer mishap.
nihil calamitatis (in vita) videre– to live a life free from all misfortune.
calamitatem haurire– to drain the cup of sorrow.67
omnes labores exanclare– to drain the cup of sorrow.
calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui– to bring mishap, ruin on a person.
calamitatibus affligi– to be the victim of misfortune.
calamitatibus obrui– to be overwhelmed with misfortune.
calamitatibus defungi– to come to the end of one's troubles.
calamitate doctus– schooled by adversity.
conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna– to struggle with adversity.
in malis iacere– to be broken down by misfortune.
malis urgeri– to be hard pressed by misfortune.
fortunae vicissitudines– the vicissitudes of fortune.
ancipites et varii casus– the changes and chances of this life.
sub varios incertosque casus subiectum esse– to have to submit to the uncertainties of fortune; to be subject to Fortune's caprice.
multis casibus iactari– to experience the ups and downs of life.
ad omnes casus subsidia comparare– to be prepared for all that may come.
varia fortuna uti– to experience the vicissitudes of fortune; to have a chequered career.
multis iniquitatibus exerceri 68– to be severely tried by misfortune.
fortunae telis propositum esse– to be exposed to the assaults of fate.
fortunae obiectum esse– to be abandoned to fate.
ad iniurias fortunae expositum esse– to be a victim of the malice of Fortune.
fortunae cedere– to acquiesce in one's fate.
aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare– to bring a man to ruin; to destroy.
praecipitem agi, ire– to be ruined, undone.
ad exitium vocari– to be ruined, undone.
ad interitum ruere– to be ruined, undone.
in perniciem incurrere– to be ruined, undone.
pestem alicui (in aliquem) machinari– to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin.
perniciem (exitium) alicui afferre, moliri, parare– to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin.
ab exitio, ab interitu aliquem vindicare– to rescue from destruction.
67
In Latin metaphor the verb only, as a rule, is sufficient to express the metaphorical meaning – e.g. amicitiam iungere cum aliquo, to be bound by the bands of affection to any one; religionem labefactare, to undermine the very foundations of belief; bellum exstinguere, to extinguish the torch of war; cuncta bello ardent, the fires of war are raging all around; libido consedit, the storm of passion has ceased; animum pellere, to strike the heart-strings; vetustas monumenta exederat, the tooth of time had eaten away the monuments.
68
The first meaning of exercere is to keep in motion, give no rest to. Then, metaphorically, to keep busy, to harass – e.g. fortuna aliquem vehementer exercet. Lastly, exercere is used to express the main activity in any branch of industry, thus, exercere agros, to farm; metalla, to carry on a mining industry; navem, to fit out ships, be a shipowner; vectigalia, to levy, collect taxes, used specially of the publicani; qui exercet iudicium, the presiding judge (praetor).
