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Interventional Cardiology

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Страница 1 Table of Contents List of Tables List of Illustrations Guide Pages Страница 7Страница 8Страница 9 Contributors Страница 11Страница 12Страница 13Страница 14Страница 15Страница 16Страница 17 CHAPTER 1
Atherogenesis and Inflammation Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis Inception of the plaque Endothelial dysfunction Cholesterol Oxidative stress Progression of atherosclerotic plaque Stable plaque The vulnerable plaque Vulnerable plaque: a shift towards Th1 pattern Plaque erosions Neoatherosclerosis Insights from coronary imaging Intravascular imaging (IVUS) Backscattered radio‐frequency (RF) IVUS Optical coherence tomography (OCT) OCT assessment of culprit lesions with ACS Plaque rupture Plaque erosion Calcified nodule OCT‐derived Vulnerable Plaques OCT‐ derived TCFA Macrophage infiltration Cholesterol crystal (CCs) Neovascularization Neoatherosclerosis Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) Lipid rich plaques Serum markers correlated to plaque inflammation Markers of inflammation Biomechanical stress as a trigger for plaque progression and rupture Future challenges in the treatment of vulnerable plaques Conclusions Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 48 CHAPTER 2
The Essentials of Femoral Vascular Access and Closure Femoral access Anatomy Puncture technique Ultrasound guided femoral access Micropuncture technique Femoral access closure Manual compression Vascular closure devices AngioSeal Perclose StarClose Exoseal, Femoseal Manta Hemostatic patches Evidence‐based issues for vascular closure devices Preclosure for large arterial sheaths Arterial access management for transcatheter aortic valvular replacement procedures requiring large bore sheaths Large bore venous sheath management Conclusions Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 68 CHAPTER 3
Radial Artery, Alternative Arm Access, and Related Techniques Introduction Rationale and evidence for transradial access Pre‐procedural considerations Radial vs ulnar Right vs left radial Proximal vs distal radial approach Access technique and navigating common problems Access technique Navigating common anatomical problems High radial‐ulnar bifurcation (“high take‐off”) Radial artery loops Tortuous Radial Arteries Other Barriers Complications and management Spasm Hematoma Compartment syndrome Radial or brachial artery perforation Radial artery occlusion (RAO) Catheter kinking and/or entrapment Hemostasis techniques Future directions Distal radial access Radial and slender clubs “Safe femoral” strategy Conclusions Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 95 CHAPTER 4
Optimal Angiographic Views for Coronary Angioplasty Catheter selection Left coronary Right coronary Radial approach Coronary intubation Diagnostic angiography Left‐sided views Right‐sided views Lesion‐specific approach Optimal views for each coronary segment Left main stem Left anterior descending Circumflex Right coronary artery Vein grafts Left internal mammary artery grafts Coronary variants Ventriculography Transplanted Heart Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 115 CHAPTER 5
Material Selection Guide catheter selection Functional design of modern guide catheters Size requirements Shape selection Shape selection for the left coronary system Shape selection for the right coronary system Length Side holes or not? Variation in access site Vein grafts Left and right internal mammary arteries Gastroepiploic artery grafts Support Guide catheter support Passive support Active support Hybrid support Wire support Anchor balloon technique Adjunctive techniques Double coaxial guiding catheter technique (also known as mother–child) Guide catheter extensions Guidewire selection Balloon catheters Anatomy of a balloon catheter Non‐compliant balloon catheters Microcatheters Conclusions Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 144 CHAPTER 6
Statistical Essentials in the Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials The fundamentals Significance tests and p‐values Estimating the magnitude of effect A 95% confidence interval to express uncertainty Interpreting p‐values Link between p‐values and confidence intervals Time to event data Quantitative data Trial design: the fundamentals Control group Randomization Trial size and power calculations Additional topics in clinical design and analysis Superiority and non‐inferiority designs Intention to treat, modified intention to treat, and per‐protocol analyses Bayesian approach Conclusions Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 162Страница 163 CHAPTER 7
Physiologic Assessment and Guidance in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Why to use physiology Practical considerations of pressure wire measurement Pressure recording system Guiding catheter selection Guide catheter damping Pressure wire preparation Pressure wire normalization or equalization Essential pharmacology Performing physiological measurement Hyperemic agents Pullback and drift check Pressure wire assessment after PCI Catheter laboratory conditions for pressure wire assessment Performing an optimal pressure wire pullback Practical tips and tricks of performing the iFR Pullback Co‐Registration of iFR‐Pullback with Angiographic Data Commonly missed mistakes in Physiological Assessment Pressure‐only indices to guide coronary intervention Fractional Flow Reserve Consideration of right atrial pressure Stenosis specific assessment Thresholds for significance and evidence to support FFR outside typical scenarios FFR in Acute Coronary Syndromes Algorithmically determined FFR The instantaneous wave‐free ratio (iFR) and other non‐hyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) IFR in Clinical Trials Novel Non‐Hyperemic Indices NHPR use scenarios NHPR‐Pullback Choosing between NHPR and FFR: when is one better than the other? Does discrepancy matter? Physiology after PCI FFR after PCI NHPR after PCI and the DEFINE‐PCI study Using Physiology to Guide PCI Strategy The Microcirculation Ischemia with non‐obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) IMR: a clinical tool to assess microvascular function Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 203 CHAPTER 8
Intravascular Ultrasound: Principles, Image Interpretation, and Clinical Applications Principles of IVUS imaging Equipment for IVUS examination Imaging artifacts Ring‐down Non‐uniform rotational distortion Reverberations Other artifacts Image acquisition and presentation Normal artery morphology Quantitative analysis Qualitative analysis Comparison of IVUS and angiography Coronary artery remodeling Unstable lesions Detection of Vunerable Plaque Role of intravascular imaging for assessment of lesion severity Other unusual lesion morphology Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) Guidance for stent implantation Stent sizing Stent expansion and malapposition Clinical outcomes using IVUS for non‐LMCA and LMCA PCI Clinical outcomes using IVUS for LMCA PCI Observational Studies Metanalysis Special imaging cases Conclusions Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 231 CHAPTER 9
Optical Coherence Tomography, Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy, and Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Molecular Imaging Optical coherence tomography Catheter preparation, calibration, image acquisition and fluoroscopic co‐localization Artifacts Normal coronary vessel anatomy Plaque characterization Vulnerable plaque assessment Acute coronary syndromes: identification of the culprit plaque and distinction rupture/erosion Guidance of percutaneous coronary intervention Apposition and malapposition Tissue protrusion Vascular injury: dissections Guidance of complex lesion treatment: bifurcations, calcified, CTO, long and distal, ostial lesions Assessment at follow‐up In‐stent restenosis and neoatherosclerosis Bioabsorbable vascular scaffolds Near‐infrared spectroscopy System description Potential clinical uses Determination of high‐risk plaque Prevention of peri‐procedural myocardial infarction and optimizing interventions Guiding the effects of treatment Ongoing trial Near‐infrared fluorescence molecular imaging Clinical translation NIRF‐OCT imaging system NIRF molecular imaging agents Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 258 CHAPTER 10
Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) Imaging for Coronary and Structural Heart Disease Coronary MSCT angiography—technique Stenosis detection Bifurcations and ostial lesions Stents Chronic total occlusion (CTO) Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) Trials and current guidelines CT FFR TAVR Pulmonary vein ablation Cardiovascular magnetic resonance Applications of CMR Heart failure Coronary artery evaluation Ischemic heart disease (IHD) Pericardial disease Congenital heart disease Valvular heart disease Vascular disease Aortic disease Peripheral, carotid, and renal artery disease CMR for interventional cardiac procedures Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) Interventional CMR Conclusions Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 283Страница 284 CHAPTER 11
Stable Coronary Artery Disease Guidelines on the management of stable angina Indications for coronary angiography Percutaneous coronary intervention for stable angina Comparison of percutaneous and surgical revascularization Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery with medical therapy for stable angina Recommendations for revascularization in stable angina Conclusions Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 294 CHAPTER 12
PCI Strategies in Acute Coronary Syndromes without ST Segment Elevation (NSTE‐ACS) Emergency department diagnosis and risk stratification Early invasive versus ischemia‐guided strategy Revascularization for NSTE‐ACS Adjunctive pharmacologic treatment Aspirin Oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitors Dual antiplatelet therapy duration Parenteral antiplatelet therapy Periprocedural anticoagulation Conclusions Disclosures Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 308 CHAPTER 13
Primary and Rescue PCI in STEMI Introduction Timing of intervention in STEMI Procedure technique Access site selection Primary PCI strategy Aspiration thrombectomy Stent selection Multivessel disease Primary PCI in the setting of cardiogenic shock Pharmacological management Antiplatelet therapy Prasugrel Prasugrel vs Ticagrelor Duration of DAPT Cangrelor Glycoprotein (GP) IIb‐IIIa inhibitors Antithrombotic therapy Bivalirudin Enoxaparin i.v. Fondaparinux Rescue PCI Fibrinolytic agents Conclusion Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 332 CHAPTER 14
The Management of Cardiogenic Shock and Hemodynamic Support Devices and Techniques Introduction Definition of Shock Epidemiology Management of cardiogenic shock Impact of coronary revascularization Left‐ventricular assist devices and the intra‐aortic balloon pump IABP Impella Tandemheart ECMO Guideline recommendations for the IABP and left ventricular assist devices Vasopressors and inotropes Sympathomimetic agents Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and calcium sensitizers Treatment pathways for cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction Cardiogenic shock due to right ventricular failure Cardiogenic shock due to pericardial tamponade Conclusions Interactive multiple choice questions are available for this chapter on www.wiley.com/go/dangas/cardiology References Страница 352{buyButton}

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