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a the most frequent Balinese vowel; at the beginning of words it is usually written ha- but in some names, and in S words the symbol for the initial vowel (called akara S) is used (other names: a gora, a wayah).

a- the S negative prefix, also frequently written ha-.

-a (=-an, -ang, -in) a suffix referring to the 3ps (sing or pl); it may be (1) the direct object of a trans vb: ngaliha ‘they sought him’ (2) the genitive of the pron: bwahha ‘its fruit’ (3) the suffix indicating the agent of a pass vb: bahana ‘was done, by him.’ -a originally began with h, and is sometimes so written: huningha ‘know it,’ or the h is assimilated to the final consonant of the root, which is then written twice.

abhara logawa n (=haralagawa) moderation in food, drink, and the use of time.

adi n (=hadi) younger sister, wife. minakadinyane used (them) as his wives.

agama n (=gama, hagama) religion, religious law.

ageng H adj (=agung, hagung) great, large, high (rank).

agung L adj great, large, high (rank).

a gora n the name of the letter a when used as an abbr of the five letters sa, ba, ta, a, i, which stand for Siwa.

ahimsa, ahingsa n abstention from violence (S ahimsa-).

akara n the name of the letter, and sound a (S).

akrodha n the religious duty of keeping one's temper (S).

aku L ps pron I (Jav haku).

alas duwine ‘the place of the bush (the desert-thor),’ from the story of Moses and the burning bush (Lk).

alengka n Sri Lanka, Ceylon (S Lanka-, in the Ramayana).

aljabar n algebra (Arab).

-an a suffix (originally -han) forming (1) abstract or collective nouns (2) modified adjectives, comparative or intensified (3) some types of verbs.

anu (=hanu) in hi hanu L, sang hanu H pron an unspecified person, so-and-so; adj ‘a certain’: dina hanu a certain day.

anugraha n gift, present (S).

-ang a suffix (originally -hang) added to verbs, making them causative; making denominative verbs from nouns and adjectives (-yang H after a vowel).

angsoka (hangsoka) n a species of tree valued for its flowers.

aparamada n careful performance of religious duties and study (S).

apotik n chemist’s shop (D apoteek).

arca C n the image, or the golden ornaments, of a god.

are n a measure of land (D, Fr), 100 square meters.

arja n properly a dramatic performance, but often only a dance.

artha n mind.

astenya n honesty, not stealing or cheating (S).

atawa K conj (=utawa) or.

atma n soul, spirit (S atmd-). atmanné his soul.

a wayah n ‘old a,’ the name of the vowel sign a.

awighnam astu ‘may-it-be without-harm’ (S); a phrase usually written at the head of a book or a letter; it may be followed by swasti, or by nama sidem (S namo siddham).

awiwahara n the religious duty of promoting peace and avoiding conflict (S).