Читать книгу My Archive of Languages (2021 Edition) - Timo Schmitz - Страница 12

Turkish

Spoken in: Turkey, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Serbia, Macedonia, Romania, Greece, Albania, Azerbaijan, smaller communities in Iraq and Syria, as well as Iran

Official language in: Turkey, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus, Iraq (minority language), Bosnia-Hercegovina (minority language), Macedonia (minority language), Romania (minority language)

Speakers: c. 80 million

Scripts: Latin

Azerbaijani

Spoken in: Azerbaijan, Russia (Dagestan), Iran (West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan); smaller communities in Iraq

Official language in: Azerbaijan, Dagestan (Russia)

Speakers: c. 25 million

Scripts: Cyrillic (in Russia), Latin (in Azerbaijan), Persian-Arabic (in Iran and Iraq)

Turkmen

Spoken in: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Stavropol Krai (Russia), Iran, Turkey (migrants)

Official language in: Turkmenistan

Speakers: c. 8 million

Scripts: Latin, Cyrillic (inofficially still used), Perso-Arabic (in Iran and Afghanistan)

Golestan Turkmen

Spoken in: Golestan Province (Iran)

Official language in: –

Speakers: probably less than 1 million, but more than 200,000

Scripts: Perso-Arabic (the dialects in Golestan have no official orthography)

Uzbek

Spoken in: Uzbekistan, Xinjiang (China), Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan

Official language in: Uzbekistan

Speakers: c. 27 million

Scripts: Latin (officially in Uzbekistan), Cyrillic (still widely used, probably by over 80% of Uzbekistan’s Uzbeks), Perso-Arabic script (in China and Afghanistan)

Kazakh

Spoken in: Kazakhstan, Russia (Altai Republic), China (Xinjiang), Mongolia (c. 200,000), Kyrgyzstan (c. 30,000) Iran (c. 10,000), Turkey (c. 10,000), Turkmenistan (small community of speakers of Western Kazakh, c. 100,000), Afghanistan (c. 40,000), Tajikistan (c. 15,000)

Official language in: Kazakhstan, Altai Republic (Russia), Xinjiang (China)

Speakers: c. 11 million

Scripts: Cyrillic (in Kazakhstan and Russia), Latin (planned to be introduced in Kazakhstan, used by Chinese Kazakhs on mobile phone), Perso-Arabic (mainly in China)

Kazakh in Kazakhstan

Spoken in: Kazakhstan (North-Eastern Kazakh and Western Kazakh)

Speakers: c. 6 million (Kazakhstan)

Scripts: Cyrillic, Latin (introduction planned)

Kazakh in China

Spoken in: Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture including Altay and Tacheng, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People’s Republic of China

Official language in: Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Xinjiang, PRC)

Speakers: c. 1 million (Southern Kazakh)

Scripts: Perso-Arabic, Latin [Pinyin] (widespread use in the Internet)

Kyrgyz

Spoken in: Kyrgyzstan, China (Xinjiang), Russia (c. 100,000), Tajikistan (c. 60,000 - 70,000), Afghanistan (c. 1,000)

Official language in: Kyrgyzstan, Kilzilsu Kyrgyz Prefecture (Xinjiang, PRC)

Speakers: c. 4 million

Scripts: Cyrillic (in Kyrgyzstan), Latin (in Turkey; as means of transliteration in Kyrgyzstan), Persian-Arabic (in China and Afghanistan)

Kyrgyz in China

Spoken in: Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People’s Republic of China

Official language in: Kilzilsu Kyrgyz Prefecture (Xinjiang, PRC)

Speakers: c. 100,000

Scripts: Perso-Arabic, Latin (Kyrgyz Pinyin; used by young people on mobile devices if no Arabic script is available)

Karakalpak

Spoken in: Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan), Kazakhstan

Official language in: Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan)

Speakers: c. 500,000

Scripts: Cyrillic, Latin

Tatar (Volga Tatar)

Spoken in: Russia, China (Xinjiang)

Official language in: Russia (Tatarstan)

Speakers: c. 6.5 million

Scripts: Cyrillic

Bashkir

Spoken in: Russia (Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, and surrounding oblasts), Kazakhstan (c. 10,000)

Official language in: Bashkortostan (Russia)

Speakers: c. 1.2 million

Scripts: Cyrillic

Kumyk

Spoken in: Russia (Dagestan, Chechnya, Stavropol Krai), Azerbaijan

Official language in: Dagestan (Russia)

Speakers: c. 400,000

Scripts: Cyrillic

Nogay

Spoken in: Russia (North Caucasus)

Official language in: Karachay-Cherkessia and Dagestan (Russia)

Speakers: c. 80,000

Scripts: Cyrillic

Uyghur

Spoken in: Xinjiang (China)

Official language in: Xinjiang (China)

Speakers: c. 8 million

Scripts: Perso-Arabic script, Latin (in the internet and on mobile devices if no Perso-Arabian script is available, modelled after Hanyu Pinyin)