Читать книгу Primary Care for COMLEX Level 1 - Dr. Jahan Eftekar - Страница 4

Rheumatic Fever

•Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus

•Pancarditis

•Aschoff bodies

•Valve verrucae

•Chorda tendineae thickening and fusion

•Sydenham’s chorea

•MacCallam’s plaque (Left Atrium)

•Migratory Polyarthritis

•Erythema marginatum

•Elevated ASO

•Fish Mouth (buttonhole deformity)

Coarctation Of Aorta

•Around or on ductus arteriosus site

•Turner’s Syndrome

•Dilatation of intercostal arteries

•Hypertension—upper extremities

•Left ventricular hypertrophy

•Distal Aortic Arch

•Elevated renin / angiotensin

Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis

•IV Drug Use

•Young men without predisposing cardiac lesion

Non-Bacterial Endocarditis (Marantic)

•Systemic malignancy

•Valve Surfaces

•Non-septic peripheral emboli

Libman-Sachs Endocarditis

•Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

•Mitral and tricuspid valves

•Fibrinoid necrosis

Cor Pulmonale

•Right ventricular dilatation

•Severe Lung disease with pulmonary hypertension

•Elevated CK-MB

•LDH flipped fraction I > 2

•Abdominal aortic aneurysm

•Hypertrophy of muscular pulmonary arteries

Atrial Myxoma

•Left atrium

•Mitral

•Ball-valve obstruction

Mitral Prolapse

•Young exercising thin women

•Systolic prolapse of mitral into the left atrium

•Most frequent valvular lesion

•Marfan’s disease (rare association)

•Parachute deformity

•Arrhythmias

•Mid-systolic click, late systolic murmur, and mitral regurgitation

Carcinoid Syndrome

•Cutaneous flushing

•Asthmatic wheezing

•Endocardial Plaque often on the right side

•High level of serotonin (5 HT)

•Recurrent diarrhea

Myocardial Infarction

•ST elevation

•Crushing chest pain at rest

•Troponin I and CPK Early; AST later; and LDH latest

•LDH 1 > LDH 2

•More in men than women

•Most common cause of cardiac death less than 1 hour after MI is ventricular tachycardia.

Heart Failure

•Left-sided; Pulmonary edema

•Right-sided; Hepatomegaly, Nutmeg liver

Rubella

•Patent Ductus Arteriosus

•IgM antibody (anti-rubella) indicates recent primary infection

•Congenital associated with deafness, cataracts, glaucoma, and mental retardation

•Prenatal worse than postnatal

Cardiomyopathies

•Hypertrophic: autosomal dominance, obstructive. AKA. Idiopathic hypertrophic sub-aortic stenosis

•Dilated: Congestive. Associated with ethanol, doxorubicin (adriamycin), mercury and lead poisoning, thyrotoxicosis, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia, thiamine deficiency. Left and right congestive failure.

•Restrictive: Impaired diastolic filling. Sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and carcinoid syndrome