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Bronchiectasis

•More in bases than apices, except in TB

•Paroxysmal cough

•Cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis)

•Kartagener’s Syndrome

•Permanent abnormal bronchial dilatation

•Obstruction by tumor

•Chronic sinusitis

Lobar Pneumonia

•Pneumococcus

•Klebsiella

•Interalveolar exudate

Pneumocystis Carnii Pneumonia

•Fluffy foamy intra-alveolar exudate

•Helmet shaped cells with silver stain

•AIDS

•Upper lobes

Cytomegalovirus

•Pneumonia associated with bone transplant and Immune suppressed states

•Leukopenia

•Owl’s eye intranuclear inclusion

Mycoplasma

•Hyaline membrane

•Cold agglutinin

•Negative gram stain

•Atypical pneumonia

•Children, young adults

Tuberculosis

•Caseous necrosis

•Caseating Granulomas

•Acid-fast positivity

•Ziehl Neilson positive

•Langham’s giant cells

•Ghon complex

Histoplasmosis

•Ohio-Mississippi Valley

•Leukopenia

•Increased LDH

•Intracellular yeasts

•Pulmonary lesions, late calcification

Coccidiodomycosis

•California

•Desert

Cryptococcus

•Capsule

•India Ink

•Meningitis-AIDS

Asthma

•Expiratory Wheezing

•IgE mediated

•Thickened basement membrane

•Eosinophils

•Charcot Leyden crystals

•Curschmann’s spirals

Pulmonary Emboli

•V/Q scan mismatch

•Immobilized post op

•Wedge-shaped infarct

•Deep vain thrombosis

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

•Hypercalcemia

•Ectopic PTH

•Nose and larynx, malignant

•Men 40+

Adenocarcinoma

•AKA. Non-small cell, and large cell

•75% of all bronchiogenic carcinomas

•Scar carcinoma

Oat Cell Carcinoma

•Cigarette

•Ectopic ACTH and ADH

•Poor prognosis

•Chemotherapy only

•Horner’s syndrome

•Nail clubbing

ARDS

•Diffuse alveolar lesions

•Hyaline membranes

•Atelectasis and hemorrhage

•Hypoxia

•Leukocytosis and neutrophilia

•Increased BUN, AST and ALT

•“Bat Wing Alveoli”

•Gram negative sepsis, DIC, and trauma

Emphysema

•Smoking

•Barrel chest

•Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

Bronchitis

•Hypertrophy of submucosal glands

•Smoking

•Blue bloaters

•Cor pulmonale

Sarcoidosis

•Boeck’s sarcoid

•Elevated ACE

•Hyper calcemia

•Non-caseating Granulomas

•Arthritis

Malignant Mesothelioma

•Poor prognosis

•Polycythemia

•Restrictive pattern

•Asbestos materials (Asbestos = Ferruginous body)