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Hereditary Spherocytosis

•Spectrin defect

•Increased RBC Brittleness

•Increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Glucose 6-Phosphate

Dehydrogenase Deficiency

•Antimalarial induced hemolysis

•X-linked

•Episodic and acute

•Mediterranean heritage + Blacks

•Sulfa drugs induced hemolysis

•Fava beans

•Intravascular hemolysis

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

•Autosomal recessive

•Chronic anemia, non-episodic

•Non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

•Substitution of VAL for glutamic acid

•Afro-Americans

•Resistance to malaria

•Small spleen in adults

•Pigment gallstones

•Chronic leg ulcers

•Painful occlusion of vessels

β-Thalassemia

•Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) increases

•Hemosiderosis

•Mediterranean anemia

•Microcytosis, hypochromia

•Splenomegaly

α-Thalassemia

•HbA₂

•Hb Bart in fetal life

•Southeast Asia

Megaloblastic Anemia

•B₁₂ or Folate deficiency

•Pancytopenia

•Oval Macrocytosis

•Increased MCV

•Increased MCH

Pernicious Anemia

•B12 deficiency (megaloblastic)

•Anti-intrinsic factor

•Gastric fundus

•Gastric carcinoma

•Abnormal Schilling Test

•Lemon/yellow skin coloration

Folate Deficiency

(Megaloblastic)

•Chronic Alcoholism

•Pregnancy

•Giardia lamblia

•Cancer chemotherapy

•Spina bifida of fetus

Hemolytic Anemia

•Increased Serum Bilirubin

•Pigmented Gallstones

•Reticulocytosis

•Decreased Haptoglobin

Warm Antibody Autoimmune

Hemolytic Anemia

•IgG auto-antibodies

•Positive Coombs test

•Spherocytosis

•Secondary to Hodgkin’s

Cold Agglutinin Anemia

•Anti-I-antibody

•Lymphoid neoplasms

•Cold weather

•Jaundice