Читать книгу Derecho de la energía y el clean energy package - Elisenda Malaret García - Страница 40

The relationship between energy and environment has always been of interest. Prieur’s theory of “concentric circles”30 identified the environmental sector as a circle surrounded by larger circles that revolve around it, outlining a system in which the smaller circle guides the others. In the central circle would be placed the subjects related to the environmental sector such as the right to natural resources, to live in a healthy and clean environment, the right to not be contaminated by pollution and emissions. In the following circles would be placed the autonomous disciplines related to environmental issues, primarily energy law. Therefore, there is a strong commonality of objectives aimed at changing those behaviours for a greater impact on both. The energy transition has no other objective than to reduce the impact of energy activities on the environment. It is interesting the reconstruction of the international energy scenario on the energy supply that can be traced back to two macrosystems: the one with prevalent use of nuclear energy and the one with prevalent use of traditional resources (fossil fuels). In these two macrosystems it is possible to identify a propensity for the use and promotion of renewable energies and, consequently, the possibility of identifying the States that, with their energy choices, have a greater propensity for the environmental and ecosystem protection and the reduction of emissions.

As reported by the IEA World Energy Balances31 in 2019, fossil fuel production and consumption are still around 81%. Africa, South America and the Middle East are at the top of the list of producers, consumers and exporters whose economies are still too dependent on these resources. On the other hand, many other countries, especially in the European panorama, can be included in the list of those who strongly want to support the energy transition to combat global warming. Most of the European countries are continuing this fight thanks to the nuclear power industry. France, Sweden, Belgium have shown a particular propensity for this energy generation. In 2019, the French government published its Multiannual Energy Programme (MEP)32 where, a part from the increase to 50% of the energy production from renewable resources by 2035, it set itself the goal of producing the remaining 50% of energy from nuclear sources. This energy policy shows a great interested in reducing the dependence of fossil fuels and strong will to deliver the country to a sustainable future. The path towards energy transition, environmental protection and climate change mitigation cannot be separated from the unified work of politicians, legislators and regulators which should focus their attention on these energy investments in order to achieve a more sustainable energy consumption and production that looks to the future of the ecosystem.