Читать книгу Biotechnology of Fruit and Nut Crops - Группа авторов - Страница 79

Leaves of micropropagated shoots have been utilized as explants for inducing organogenic cultures. Gharyal and Maheshwari (1990) and Tilkat and Onay (2009) reported shoot regeneration from leaf explants of pistachio. A highly reproducible procedure for direct shoot organogenesis from mature leaf explants of ‘Atlı’ was reported by Tilkat and Onay (2009). Semi-mature leaves from shoot tip/nodal cultures along with a portion of the petiole were cultured on semisolid MS medium with petioles and abaxial sides in contact with the medium. Gharyal and Maheshwari (1990) utilized B5 medium (Gamborg et al., 1968) supplemented with 2.85 μM indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 4.4 μM BA to regenerate shoots from petioles, whereas Tilkat et al. (2008) utilized MS medium supplemented with 5.7 μM IAA and 8.8 μM BA for the female ‘Siirt’. Shoots subcultured on the 1:2 IAA:BA medium proliferated rapidly, although hyperhydricity is common. BA alone is sufficient to sustain shoot proliferation. Callus has been initiated from leaves, cotyledons, stem internodes, apical and nodal buds and root tips of aseptically germinated seedlings (Onay, 1996; Tilkat, 2006; Tilkat et al., 2009a); however, shoots only were induced from callus that originated from nodal buds of ‘Ohady’ on medium supplemented with 5.4 μM naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1.175 μM kinetin (KIN) (Barghchi and Alderson, 1989).