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Robert Weis
Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology
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Страница 1
Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology
Страница 3
Страница 4
Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology
Страница 6
Case Studies
An Invitation
Goals of This Book
Goal 1: Introduce the Principles of Developmental Psychopathology
Goal 2: Appreciate the Importance of Integrating Science and Practice
Goal 3: Focus on Evidence-Based and Ethical Treatment
Goal 4: Relevance to Your Life
Organization and Key Features A Developmental Structure
Part I. Evidence-Based Research and Practice
Part II. Developmental Disorders and Disabilities
Part III. Disruptive Disorders and Substance Use Problems
Part IV. Emotion and Thought Disorders
Part V. Health-Related Disorders
A Biological, Psychological, and Social–Cultural Approach
Questions and Answers
New Features
Special Resources for Instructors
Additional Case Studies to Accompany the Text
As In-Class Activities
For Presentations
As Writing Assignments or Exam Questions
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Part I Evidence-Based Research and Practice
1 The Science and Practice of Abnormal Child Psychology
Learning Objectives
1.1 Identifying Behavior Problems in Children What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?” Deviation, Disability, and Distress
A Harmful Dysfunction
How Does DSM-5 Define Abnormality? Definition
Limitations
How Do Psychologists Diagnose Mental Health Problems in Children?
Categorical Classification
Prototypical Classification
Dimensional Classification
What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Diagnosing Children? Possible Benefits
Potential Drawbacks
Research Domain Criteria
How Do Social–Cultural Factors Affect Our Understanding of Mental Health? Culture, Race, and Ethnicity
Case Study: The Importance of Culture, Race, and Ethnicity Between Two Worlds
1.2 The Prevalence Childhood Disorders How Common Are Mental Disorders in Children? Prevalence and Incidence
Comorbidity and Costs
What Factors Influence the Prevalence of Childhood Disorders? Age
Gender
From Science to Practice: Interpersonal Stress and Gender
Socioeconomic Status
Race and Ethnicity
Do Most Children With Mental Health Problems Receive Treatment? Access to Treatment
The Use of Medication
Barriers to Treatment
1.3 Integrating Science and Practice What Is Evidence-Based Practice? The Importance of Science
What Professionals Help Children and Families? The Helping Professions
Students as Evidence-Based Helpers
Why Is Ethical Treatment Important? The APA Ethics Code
Competence
Case Study: Ethics with Children: Competence Well-Intentioned Dr. Williams
Case Study: Ethics with Children: Consent Resentful Rachel
Consent
Confidentiality
Case Study: Ethics with Children: Confidentiality Risqué Renae
Case Study: Ethics with Children: Conflicts of Interest Margaret’s Mournful Mother
Conflicts of Interest
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Exercises
Test Yourself and Extend Your Learning
Descriptions of Images and Figures
2 The Causes of Childhood Disorders
Learning Objectives
2.1 Developmental Psychopathology
What Is Developmental Psychopathology? Development Over Time
Adaptive vs. Maladaptive Behavior
What Affects the Course of Development? Developmental Pathways
Continuity vs. Change
Case Study: Developmental Pathways A Pathway to Trouble
Equifinality and Multifinality
Why Do Some Children Have Better Outcomes Than Others? Risk and Protective Factors
Resilience
Case Study: Risk and Resilience Divergent Developmental Paths
2.2 Biological Influences on Development How Can Genes Affect Development? Genes and Chromosomes
Behavioral Genetics
Molecular Genetics
How Do Genetic and Environmental Factors Interact? The Diathesis–Stress Model
Gene–Environment Correlation
From Science to Practice: Understanding Gene–Environment Correlation
Epigenetics
How Does the Brain Change Across Development?
2.3 Psychological Influences on Development How Is Learning Theory Important to Understanding Childhood Disorders?
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social Learning
How Is Cognitive Development Important to Understanding Childhood Disorders? Cognitive Development
Social Cognition
How Is Emotional Development Important to Understanding Childhood Disorders? Emotional Development
Emotion Regulation
2.4 Social–Cultural Influences on Development How Do Parents Influence Development? Temperament and Goodness-of-Fit
Attachment
Parenting Behavior
How Do Peers Influence Development? Interpersonal Theory
Peer Acceptance and Rejection
How Do Other Social–Cultural Factors Influence Development? Proximal and Distal Risk
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Exercises
Test Yourself and Extend Your Learning
Descriptions of Images and Figures
3 Research Methods With Children and Families
Learning Objectives
3.1 Science Vs. Pseudoscience
How Is Scientific Thinking Different From Pseudoscience? Science: A Way to Reduce Bias
Principle 1: Falsifiability
Case Study: Scientific Reasoning and Falsifiability Helping Hands
Principle 2: Critical Thinking
Principle 3: Parsimony
Principle 4: Precision
Principle 5: Reproducibility
What Is the Scientific Method?
3.2 Research Goals and Methods
How Do Psychologists Describe Behavior? Case Studies
From Science to Practice: A Cure for Headaches
Surveys
Neuroimaging
How Do Psychologists Predict Behavior? Correlational Research
Correlations ≠ Causality
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies
Mediators and Moderators
How Do Psychologists Explain Behavior? Experiments
Types of Control Groups
How Do Psychologists Replicate Studies? Meta-Analysis
Examples of Meta-Analysis
What Are Quasi-Experimental Studies?
Pretest-Posttest Studies
Nonequivalent Groups
Single Subject Studies
3.3 Ethical Research with Children and Families What Ethical Issues Are Important in Research With Children?
Case Study: Research Ethics Ethical Issues
Weighing Benefits vs. Risks
Gaining Parental Consent and Child Assent
Respecting Confidentiality
Avoiding Deception
Debriefing
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Exercises
Test Yourself and Extend Your Learning
Descriptions of Images and Figures
4 Assessing and Treating Children’s Problems
Learning Objectives
4.1 Psychological Assessment What Is Psychological Assessment? Definition and Purpose
Case Study: Psychological Assessment Stubborn Sara
Principles of Assessment
What Is a Diagnostic Interview and Mental Status Exam? Diagnostic Interview
Cultural Formulation of Children’s Problems
From Science to Practice: The Cultural Formulation Interview
Mental Status Exam
How Do Psychologists Conduct Behavioral Observations? Observation Methods
Functional Analysis of Behavior
How Do Psychologists Assess Children’s Cognitive Functioning? Intelligence
Academic Achievement
How Do Psychologists Assess Children’s Personality and Social–Emotional Functioning? Personality Testing
Parent, Teacher, and Self-Report Rating Scales
Specific Symptom Inventories
What Makes a Good Psychological Test?
Standardization
Reliability
Validity
4.2 Systems of Psychotherapy
Case Study: Psychotherapy Anna’s Secret
What Is Psychotherapy? Definition and Common Factors of Therapy
The Therapeutic Alliance
What Are the Major Systems of Psychotherapy?
Behavior Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
From Science to Practice: Cognitive Therapy With Children
Interpersonal Therapy
Family Systems Therapy
Psychodynamic Therapy
What Is Culturally Adapted Treatment? Intersectionality
Examples of Cultural Adaptations
4.3 The Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child Psychotherapy How Does Child Psychotherapy Differ From Adult Psychotherapy?
Does Child Psychotherapy Work? Overall Efficacy of Therapy
Which Therapy Works Best?
Efficacy vs. Effectiveness
Key Terms
Critical Thinking Exercises
Test Yourself and Extend Your Learning
Descriptions of Images and Figures
Part II Developmental Disorders and Disabilities
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