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Microbial gums play a key role in many industries and have seen a steady rise in demand over the years. Some gums such as xanthan and gellan are used more often than others due to their unique functional properties. In recent times, there has been an increase in research on microbial gums, especially on increasing their production, understanding their properties and function, creating novel composites of gums with unique properties, and exploring different microbiomes for novel gums. Advancements in molecular biology, structural biology, bioprocess engineering, and metabolic engineering will help in the future research of microbial gums. The focus of obtaining microbial gums through an economical and sustainable manner by the use of cheap substrates or increasing the productivity of a strain by molecular biology would be crucial areas that future research could make great strides.