Читать книгу Bioprospecting of Microorganism-Based Industrial Molecules - Группа авторов - Страница 50

Cosmetics are products aimed to be applied to the human body for beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or as a cleansing agent without affecting the structure and function of the body [1]. Globally, the demand for cosmetic products has increased significantly. Five main segments, skincare, haircare, makeup, fragrances, and toiletries, make up the global cosmetic market. The diversity of these five segments works as a complementation to suffice the global consumer demand. It is estimated that internationally, the revenue from the cosmetic market will rise to $429.88 billion by 2022 with 4.3% of annual growth [2]. Globally, the cosmetics and personal care industry will receive significant profits. The segment of antiaging and skin lightening products has received the highest market value due to consumer awareness regarding environmental exposure and preserving a youthful appearance.

The prevalent use of skincare and antiaging is getting associated with social prestige and environmental justice [3]. The belief and to follow the lighter skin has been rooted since ancient times. In South Asia, during colonial legacy times, it is believed that the white race people ruled over the dark [4]. In the context of skin‐related products, the developing nations are proving to be best‐emerging profit‐making markets as white skin is desirable and have more perspective and potential of social advantages for marital and even career prospects [5, 6]. Due to these factors, multinational companies are forming strong foothold in countries like India, China, Japan, and Russia. According to the CAGR reports, the market of antiaging cream and skin lightening cream is expected to grow at 4.64% annually to its value and 4.31% annually to its volume by the period 2018–2025.

The contribution of the advertising agencies is argued to play a pivotal role in reinforcing and taking the advantages of diversity in developing nations due to caste, race, and age. Antiaging and skin lightening products of multinational companies can be availed from local convenience stores to commercial internet sites. A content analysis of advertisements conducted by Li and group (2008) for skin‐related products in India, Korea, Japan, and Hong Kong depicted that “smooth, young, transparent, fair, wrinkle‐free” is considered as “good skin.” Further, this analysis also indicates that these narratives enhanced finances by using them in advertising the brand of cosmetics.

India, due to its ancient cultural practices in beauty correlated with the strong bond among caste and community biases, seems to outsize the market share in antiaging and skin fairness cream [4]. Due to liberalization in the twentieth century, currently, massive diversity of creams, lotions, scrubs, and of multinational companies for men and women are sold in retail outlets in India. It is estimated that approximately 50% of India's entire cosmetic market is held by the skincare segment. The worth of skincare products in India varies between US $450 and 535 million [7]. Based on the cultural practices and caste system, in India, it is believed that lighter/fairer skin will avail common people higher status in society [7]. Phillips A. [8] has discussed that skin color has a significant impact on the personal and societal life within the Indian social context as it is correlated with moral and behavioral qualities. Moreover, one use of higher skin lightening creams was prominently showcased in the survey study carried out among undergraduate students from 26 countries [9]. According to that survey, approximately 19% of 799 students are reported for the usage of skin lightening products, and the use was associated with depression, low social support, and even risky sexual behaviors. With this context, it is very important to understand the biology of aging and the factors affecting the skin aging so that appropriate products can be purchased having minimum side reactions and health hazards.