Читать книгу Nanovaccinology as Targeted Therapeutics - Группа авторов - Страница 12

Tahmina Foyez¹ and Abu Bin Imran^2*

¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

² Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Generally, vaccinations are the most efficient prophylactic measures against infectious diseases. Despite the obvious advantages of vaccines, optimizations are required due to poor immunogenicity, instability, toxic effect, and the necessity for multiple dose of a vaccine. Nanotechnology have currently been introduced into vaccination research to address these difficulties. The nanotechnology in vaccine development can improve immune responses. Particle size at the nanoscale is critical for this benefit. Nanoparticles (NPs) used in the formulation of vaccine can improve stability of antigen and immunogenicity while also allowing for targeted distribution. A variety of NPs vaccines have been permitted for human use, with composition, size, shape, and surface qualities. However, obstacles are present because of a lack of proper knowledge of NPs activity in vivo, which can be used as a delivery mechanism to improve antigen processing to boost immunity. We have discussed the recent achievements of nanotechnology in vaccine delivery systems in this chapter, emphasizing the different carriers, such as polymeric NPs, liposomes, emulsions, and carbon-based nanomaterials. The basic knowledge of in vivo biocompatibility, toxicity, and stability of nanotechnology-based vaccine delivery systems has also been discussed.

Keywords: Nanotechnology, nanovaccinology, antigen, antibody, nanoparticles