Читать книгу Nanovaccinology as Targeted Therapeutics - Группа авторов - Страница 26

A new approach of NPs-based vaccines has revealed remarkable potential in addressing the majority of the limitations of the existing vaccines. NPs can be used as an alternative adjuvant for both humans and animals. They work as both an antigen carrier and a stimulator of innate immune responses. Modern vaccination changed to a small subunit of the pathogen instead of a traditional whole pathogen. As the purified inactivated entire pathogens and subunit or recombinant antigens are insufficiently immunogenic on their own, the use of a powerful immunostimulatory system is required to boost the immunity. This can be accomplished via NPs based methods. To successfully apply this versatile NPs-based vaccination technology, a thorough study of the effects of NPs diameter, polarity, and other physical and chemical properties is necessary. The stability of NPs under different storage circumstances, as well as their immunogenicity over time, should be prioritized in research, since these aspects will have a direct impact on the market viability of vaccines. Recent advancements in NPs-based adjuvant and vaccine delivery systems can be utilized more widely to prevent and treat infectious diseases. Nanovaccines principles offer notable benefits such as targeted delivery, prolonged transmission, minimal side effects, and activation of a powerful immune response to various biological and external stimuli by overcoming all physiological barriers. They enable antigen stability, improve antigen processing and immunogenicity with targeted administration, and inhibit antigen and adjuvant burst release. In the realm of vaccine development, inorganic, polymeric, biomolecular, and other NPs have been found to enhance weakly immunogenic antigens. Nanovaccine are now being developed for the prevention of pathogenic diseases. The therapeutic and tolerogenic vaccines are used to treat cancer and autoimmune disorders, respectively, expand the possibilities of the synthetic vaccine platform. The development of new vaccines, such as single-dose, needle-free injection, gradual release, targeting, alternate administration techniques, and delivery channels will become more demanding in the near future.