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Another biomolecular NPs known as VLP has a typical virus shape but lacks viral genome, rendering them inactive and unable of replication. They quickly and effectively produce a strong and prolong immunological response in the host [79]. Hepatitis B protection is provided first with a VLP-based human vaccination[80]. VLPs have recently been used as vehicles for several human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. According to a recent study, HPV vaccinations based on VLPs elicit a strong cross-protective antibody response [81]. During chronic infection, cytotoxic T cells are essential for removing damaged cells and regulating microbe load. They can really be highly effective in vaccines because they target the T-cell response.