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1.4.6 Micelles
ОглавлениеThe cores of micelles, another type of biomolecular NPs, are hydrophobic in contrast to liposomes and VLPs [82]. They are widely used with weakly water-soluble drugs delivery or encapsulated amphiphilic compounds [83]. Micelles have been used in two different ways as vaccine delivery systems. First, protein vaccines may be simply covalently attached to the hydrophilic micelle. HIV vaccines have been attached to adjuvant-loaded micelles using this approach, resulting in significant APC activation in vitro [84]. Model peptide antigens coupled to polymer-lipid microspheres are demonstrated to attach protein albumin and travel to the lymphatic vessels, where they significantly raise T-cell numbers and act as an anticancer vaccination [85]. Endosome disruption can be triggered by polymer-based micelles, allowing vaccines to be transported to the cytoplasm, resulting in significant cytotoxic T-cell responses [86]. Molecules with similar or identical hydrophobic moieties can also be self-assembled and form heterogeneous micelles. This phenomenon has been utilized to create protein amphiphile microspheres capable of transporting several antigens to the same cell [87].